Антицерковна діяльність радянської влади як невід’ємна складова політики формування комуністичного суспільства в 20-х роках ХХ ст. (на матеріалах Поділля)

Abstract

У статті досліджується антицерковна діяльність радянської влади в 20-х рр. ХХ ст. на території Поділля, суть партійного підходу стосовно релігійних питань та умови існування православних громад. Приділяється увага розпорядженням партійних органів в цій сфері, діяльності ліквідаційних комісій по відокремленню церкви від держави та антирелігійній пропаганді як способу впливу на суспільну свідомість.

В статье исследуется антицерковная деятельность советской власти в 20-х гг. ХХ в. на территории Подолья, суть партийного подхода в отношении религиозных вопросов и условия существования православных общин. Уделяется внимание распоряжением партийных органов в данной сфере, деятельности ликвидационных комиссий по отделению церкви от государства и антирелигиозной пропаганде как способа воздействия на общественное сознание.

From the first days of being in power, the Bolshevik activists launched an active communist propaganda. Soviet power decrees limited the church influence on the society, deprived of its legal actions. All the priests became illegal people, and church property was declared as "a national heritage". Residents had to rent church buildings from the state, in the territory of our region there were a large number of applications for the transfer of church premises for the state free use. Anti-church propaganda was accomplished to cultivate the spirit of communist ideology among the citizens. The population became accustomed to the new revolutionary holidays: May 1st, October Revolution, Karl Marx's birthday, and others. Special attention was paid to the young people, the Komsomol leaders were eager to distract the young generation from the worshipping of Christian holidays. Atheistic satire and humor were encouraged. The priests were called as the relic of the past, an obstacle to the communist construction way. The church activists were satirized at on the pages of both the republican and local newspapers and magazines. The newspapers "Visty", "Young Negligent", "Izvestia", "Bezvirnyk" worked especially actively in this regard. The clerics’ discrediting was done purposefully, the Soviet government sought to form an appropriate clergymen’s image among the population. Anti-church policy gave its results. Gradually a society was formed, which most membres had warlike atheistic views and justified the cruelty of bishops, priests, and monks. Party and Komsomol organizations, professional, cooperative, literary, and public organizations were not allowed to organize educational and charity work, to carry out divine services outside the church. The Orthodox population lived in Podolsky Krai sought to preserve its faith in the difficult conditions of the anti-religious war.