Фізіолого-біологічні особливості формування продуктивності гібридів кукурудзи залежно від технологічних прийомів вирощування
Date
2016
Authors
Князюк, О. В.
Kniaziuk, O. V.
Липовий, В. Г.
Липовый, В. Г.
Lypovyi, V. H.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
На різних етапах онтогенезу різностиглих гібридів кукурудзи вивчалась інтенсивність і продуктивність фотосинтезу, поглинання ФАР. Технологічний прийом вирощування густота рослин впливала на показники фотосинтетичної продуктивності гібридів кукурудзи різних груп стиглості. Підвищення густоти рослин з 80 до 120 тис./га сприяло збільшенню площі листкової поверхні гібридів кукурудзи, їх фотосинтетичного потенціалу, коефіцієнта використання ФАР та виходу сухої речовини. Більш висока асиміляція вуглекислого газу.і, також, чиста продуктивність фотосинтезу в перерахунку на одну рослину середньостиглого гібриду кукурудзи сприяє формуванню ним підвищеного врожаю.
На разных этапах онтогенеза разноспелых гибридов кукурузы изучалась интенсивность и продуктивность фотосинтеза, поглощения ФАР. Технологические приемывы ращивания: густота растений влияла на показатели фотосинтетической продуктивности гибридов кукурузы различных групп спелости. Повышение густоты растений с 80 до 120 тыс. / га способствовало увеличению площади листовой поверхности гибридових фотосинтетического потенциала, коэффициента использования ФАР и выхода сухого вещества. Более высокая ассимиляция углекислого газа и,также,чистая продуктивность фотосинтеза в пересчете на одно растение среднеспелого гибрида кукурузы способствовало формированию им повышеного урожая.
The determination of the assimilative surface in diverse-maturing maize hybrids showed the differences in their grow¬ing in the different phases of growth and development. The maize leaf surface reached its maximum value in the milk ripeness phase, and further the accelerated aging and dy¬ing off of lower leaves was observed particularly in early maturing hybrids. With maize leaf surface growing the FAS utilization increased, which at the. beginning of vegetation in the phase of 6-8 leaves was low and gradually increased up to the end of ear emergence phase. Plant density of diverse maturing hybrids had A significant impact on FAS utilization. The plant density increase of from 80,000 to 100,000 plants/ha raised the FAS utili¬zation factor by 11-31 %. Further maize thickening (from 100,000 to 120,000 plants/ha) tended to reduce the FAS utilization by 5-10%. The photosynthetic potential of maize crops increases during the growing season and reaches its maximum in the milk ripeness phase in mid-maturing hybrid at the plant density of 100,000 plants/ha. The FAS utilization intensity of maize, its maximum photosynthetic potential in case of plant thickening contributes to energy accumulation in dry matter and increases the yield rate. The indexes of the net photosynthetic productivity, which change throughout the plant growth, are used to measure dry matter accumulation by unit of maize leaf surface area. The maximum value of maize net photosynthctic productivity was observed during the ear emergence phase when the largest assimilation surface was recorded. There is a direct correlation between the net photosynthetic productivity and dry matter accumulation. It has been es¬tablished that the highest biomass accumulation of diverse maturing maize hybrids was in the interphase period between ear emergence and milk ripeness phases. The net photosynthetic productivity in milk-wax ripeness phase decreases due to the leaf area decrease compared to milk ripeness phase. In the early growing season of maize (phase of 6-8 leaves) the highest dry matter yield was recorded in early maturing hybrid at the density of 80,000 plants/ha. The dry matter yield in medium early and mid-maturing hybrids is bigger than in early maturing hybrids during the milk ripeness phase advantage over early matur¬ing hybrids in daily carbon dioxide absorption.
На разных этапах онтогенеза разноспелых гибридов кукурузы изучалась интенсивность и продуктивность фотосинтеза, поглощения ФАР. Технологические приемывы ращивания: густота растений влияла на показатели фотосинтетической продуктивности гибридов кукурузы различных групп спелости. Повышение густоты растений с 80 до 120 тыс. / га способствовало увеличению площади листовой поверхности гибридових фотосинтетического потенциала, коэффициента использования ФАР и выхода сухого вещества. Более высокая ассимиляция углекислого газа и,также,чистая продуктивность фотосинтеза в пересчете на одно растение среднеспелого гибрида кукурузы способствовало формированию им повышеного урожая.
The determination of the assimilative surface in diverse-maturing maize hybrids showed the differences in their grow¬ing in the different phases of growth and development. The maize leaf surface reached its maximum value in the milk ripeness phase, and further the accelerated aging and dy¬ing off of lower leaves was observed particularly in early maturing hybrids. With maize leaf surface growing the FAS utilization increased, which at the. beginning of vegetation in the phase of 6-8 leaves was low and gradually increased up to the end of ear emergence phase. Plant density of diverse maturing hybrids had A significant impact on FAS utilization. The plant density increase of from 80,000 to 100,000 plants/ha raised the FAS utili¬zation factor by 11-31 %. Further maize thickening (from 100,000 to 120,000 plants/ha) tended to reduce the FAS utilization by 5-10%. The photosynthetic potential of maize crops increases during the growing season and reaches its maximum in the milk ripeness phase in mid-maturing hybrid at the plant density of 100,000 plants/ha. The FAS utilization intensity of maize, its maximum photosynthetic potential in case of plant thickening contributes to energy accumulation in dry matter and increases the yield rate. The indexes of the net photosynthetic productivity, which change throughout the plant growth, are used to measure dry matter accumulation by unit of maize leaf surface area. The maximum value of maize net photosynthctic productivity was observed during the ear emergence phase when the largest assimilation surface was recorded. There is a direct correlation between the net photosynthetic productivity and dry matter accumulation. It has been es¬tablished that the highest biomass accumulation of diverse maturing maize hybrids was in the interphase period between ear emergence and milk ripeness phases. The net photosynthetic productivity in milk-wax ripeness phase decreases due to the leaf area decrease compared to milk ripeness phase. In the early growing season of maize (phase of 6-8 leaves) the highest dry matter yield was recorded in early maturing hybrid at the density of 80,000 plants/ha. The dry matter yield in medium early and mid-maturing hybrids is bigger than in early maturing hybrids during the milk ripeness phase advantage over early matur¬ing hybrids in daily carbon dioxide absorption.
Description
Біологія. Рослини. Сільськогосаодарські культури. Технололгії вирощування. Кукурудза
Keywords
гібриди кукурудзи, фотосинтетична продуктивність, густота рослин, вихід сухої речовини, гибриды кукурузы, фотосинтетическая продуктивность, густота растений, выход сухого вещества
Citation
Князюк О. В. Фізіолого-біологічні особливості формування продуктивності гібридів кукурудзи залежно від технологічних прийомів вирощування / О. В. Князюк, В. Г. Липовий // Агробіологія. – № 1. – 2016. – С. 47 -53.