Природничо-географічний факультет

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Acoustic properties of the modern landscape: problems of knowledge and prospects of research
(Вінниця : ВДПУ, 2023) Denysyk, Hr.; Kanskyi, V.; Kanska, V.; Денисик, Г.І.; Канський, В.С.; Канська, В.В.
The problem of research of acoustic properties of a modern landscape is considered; the analysis of foreign and domestic experience of knowledge of these properties, and also understanding of concept «sound landscape» is carried out; It is noted that natural geographers pay more attention to the study of acoustic properties of residential, mostly urban, as well as road and recreational landscapes. In Ukraine, knowledge of the acoustic properties of the modern landscape needs to be intensified. In particular, this applies to studies of the sound landscape of individual cities, industrial regions, road landscape engineering systems, recreational areas, and so on. The study of the sound landscape of Vinnytsia was conducted using the methods of classical and anthropogenic landscape science and specific approaches, which made it possible to develop the basis of the future map of the sound landscape of Vinnytsia – a map of the sound relief of the city. Phytocomponent of the modem landscape of Vinnytsia and, in part, road landscapes of Podillia. In the future, more attention should be paid to comprehensive research of sound landscapes, their classification, the importance of sounds in the formation of the landscape itself and human life and health.
Case-study як технологія навчання майбутніх біологів та вчителів предметів природничого циклу
(Вінниця: ВДПУ, 2021) Романюк, Р. К.; Киричук, Г. Є.; Константиненко, Л. А.; Павлюченко, О. В.; Шевчук, С. Ю.
У статті обґрунтовано потребу в упровадженні технології кейс-навчання в закладах вищої освіти у зв’язку орієнтацією освіти на формування компетентностей, умінь і навичок розумової і практичної діяльності, на розвиток здатності до навчання протягом життя, обробки величезного потоку інформації, здатності критично мислити, вибирати оптимальне рішення в різних ситуаціях. Описано методики застосування кейс-технології при підготовці здобувачів освіти спеціальності «Біологія», а також при викладанні дисциплін фундаментальної підготовки майбутніх вчителів предметів природничого циклу. Проаналізовано і узагальнено структуру кейс-технології, яка включає в себе: 1) ситуацію-випадок; 2) завдання для роботи з кейсом; 3) інформаційний матеріал додатків (наукові статті, методичні рекомендації, Інтернет-ресурси, ілюстративний матеріал, перелік додаткових джерел інформації тощо). Виокремлено такі етапи роботи під час кейс-навчання: 1) опис ситуації, ознайомлення з матеріалами кейсу; 2) робота над кейсом в малих групах; 3) презентація та експертиза результатів роботи малих груп; 4) завершення роботи над кейсом, дискусія, вибір варіантів вирішення проблеми, рефлексія спільної діяльності. Наведено приклади завдань для кейс-навчання під час вивчення методичних дисциплін, спрямованих на підготовку майбутніх учителів предметів природничого циклу та ситуаційні задачі, котрі ефективно застосовувати при вивчення фахових біологічних дисциплін (біохімії, гістології, фізіології тварин і людини, паразитології, мікробіології з основами вірусології, лабораторних досліджень та ін.).
Cумісна переробка фосфатів і сульфатів газовідновним методом з одержанням сульфідів фосфору
(Молодий вчений, 2018) Худоярова, О. С.; Khudoyarova, O. S.; ; ;
Досліджено умови одержання сульфідів фосфору відновленням суміші кальцій фосфату і натрій сульфату воднем, метаном, карбон (II) оксидом . Встановлено, що при відновленні метаном або карбон (II) оксидом в інтервалі температур 800–1000К можливий процес синтезу сульфідів фосфору і, в першу чергу, P4S3, P4S10. При подальшому підвищенні температури сульфіди фосфору можуть розпадатись до фосфору та сірки. Внаслідок переробки алуніт-фосфатних систем газовідновним методом одержують в газовій фазі сульфіди фосфору, в твердій – алюмінати лужних та лужноземельних металів. Запропоновані способи переробки фосфатів і сульфатів газовідновним методом дозволяють спростити технологію одержання сульфідів фосфору, зменшити собівартість виробництва.
Economic calculations of the choice of pesticide disposal method
(Вінниця, 2021, 2021) Petruk, R; Bilichenko, Y; Petruk, H.; Петрук, Р; Біліченко, Ю; Петрук, Г
Goal is a brief analysis of the main ways of dealing with unusable pesticides and pesticide-containing wastes and facilities and substantiation of technical and economic parameters of processes of neutralization of unusable pesticides and hazardous waste, as well as establishment of the most optimal methods and ways of their utilization. To establish the most optimal methods and ways of utilization of pesticides and pesticide-containing waste, a financial and economic assessment of pesticide exports from Ukraine to processing plants in Europe was made, the cost of burning pesticides at specialized plants in Ukraine was calculated, the total cost of reclamation works was calculated. on recycling of pesticide containers. To solve the tasks in the work used modern methods of scientific research: analysis - to summarize modern scientific and technical advances in the prevention of environmental pollution due to pesticides entering the environment; indication methods - for assessment of soil, water and air pollution; methods of reclamation of contaminated areas and incineration of pesticides; methods of analysis of gas mixtures, etc. For the first time scientific and methodological calculations of environmental safety parameters and management of unusable pesticides and pesticide-containing wastes, the essence of which is to take into account the main components of the cost of pesticide disposal and restoration of contaminated areas, including management actions for all components of pesticide territories and largely solve the problem of pesticide pollution. Calculations of the cost of recycling various facilities that contain unusable pesticide-containing drugs and waste and established the most optimal methods and ways of recycling pesticides in Ukraine. A brief analysis of the main methods of handling unusable pesticides and pesticide-containing waste and facilities and substantiated the technical and economic parameters of the disposal of unusable pesticides and hazardous waste, as well as the most optimal methods and methods of their disposal.
Ecotons in landscape's organization of the dry land surfave
(Вінниця : ВДПУ, 2022) Denysyk, Hr.I.; Kyselov, Yu.O.; Sonko, S.P.; Shlapak, V.P.; Maksymenko, N.V.; Денисик, Г.І.; Кисельов, Ю.О.; Сонько, С.П.; Шлапак, В.П.; Максименко, Н.В.
The article substantiates the conception of ecotones. It has been mentioned that the most part of dry land is covered by various ecotones presented by ecotone landscapes – alternation of forests and tundra, forests and steppes, forests and savannas, etc. It has been noted that under global climate changes ecotones are gaining importance of general background in the context of the whole earth surface and landscape cover in general. Contrary to ecotone landscapes, boundary landscapes were singled out that have extreme values of climate characteristics. Arctic and antarctic deserts, deserts of tropical, subtropical and temperate zones belong to such boundary landscapes. Ecotones can exist not only at the planet level, but also regional and local levels (among altitudinal belts, river valleys, and watersheds). The size of the area covered by ecotones and their importance in the landscape covering of the earth determine the necessity to formulate the principles of a special scientific discipline ecotonistics (ecotone studies). The object of this discipline should be ecotones and the subject is the formation, dynamics and evolution of ecotones.
Engineering landscape science in Ukraine: current state and foreign experience
(Вінниця : ВДПУ, 2022) Lavryk, О.D.; Tsymbaliuk, V.V.; Stefankov, L.І.; Лаврик, О. Д.; Цимбалюк, В. В.; Стефанков, Л. І.
The problem of revival of the scientific direction – engineering landscape science is considered. The theoretical-methodological basis is the studies of Prof. F. M. Milkov and Prof. G. І. Denysyk about anthropogenic landscapes. A landscape techno-sphere – a landscape technical system of a global level – was suggested as the object of the research. It is a specific combination of the components of a landscape sphere and a techno-sphere within geographical boundaries. The subject of the research is: structure, outer and inner interconnections, the functioning dynamics of a landscape techno-sphere as an integral system. The place of engineering landscape science in the structure of landscape sciences was considered. The formation process of engineering landscape science in Ukraine and its connection with foreign scientific trends were analyzed. The conclusion has been made that presently engineering landscape science continue to remain at the initial stages of the development. The task of engineering landscape science for the future was outlined.
Environmental comfort of urbanized landscapes
(Вінниця : ВДПУ, 2022) Shyshchenko, P.H.; Havrylenko, O.P.; Yesypchuk, D.V.; Шищенко, П.Г.; Гавриленко, О.П.; Єсипчук, Д.В.
The purpose of the study is to establish the degree of compliance of the urbanised landscapes of Kyiv and its administrative districts to the criteria of environmental comfort of a compact and green city. Study methods. The purpose was achieved using the following algorithm: the geospatial data of OpenStreetMap and the QGIS software were used to plot the urban green spaces (UGS) and built-up Kyiv territories a cartographic base. The development of real estate for different purposes and all available UGS were grouped into separate categories using the Union geoprocessing tool. The spatial data layers were reduced to a single cartographic projection using Field calculator to calculate the geometric characteristics of each category. Results. These calculations were used to find the building coverage and the green coverage ratios, and the built-up area-to-UGS ratio within the limits of Kyiv and its ten districts. Since the comfort of an urbanised landscape depends largely on the optimal ratio of UGS and developed territories, its highly non uniform spatial distribution within Kyiv limits was found: a dense development prevails on the Right Bank, whereas UGS prevails on the outskirts and in some districts of the Left Bank. Based on the calculated green coverage and the building coverage ratios in different Kyiv districts, they were rated by the ratio of built-up and green coverage territories. The maximum green coverage is in the Desnianskyi district, and the most built-up one is in the Solomianskyi district. In general, four city districts are almost devoid of UGS due to absence of free territories for their full-scale development. To establish the degree of compliance of urbanised landscapes to the criteria of environmental comfort in each Kyiv’s district, the Environmental Comfort Index (ECI) was calculated. Its principal indicators are the average population density, building coverage and greenery coverage ratios, and emissions into the atmosphere from stationary pollution sources. Each indicator is assigned a certain number of points, enabling to calculate the ECI by the total of points of chosen indicators. The results obtained were used to build a rating of Kyiv’s districts according to the degree of their compliance to the criteria of environmental comfort of a compact and green city. The highest ECI are in the Obolonskyi and Desnianskyi districts, and the lowest are in the Solomianskyi, Pecherskyi and Shevchenkivskyi districts. The poor environmental comfort of these districts is largely due to their location in the centre of the city, with an almost dense development and high population density. Due to traffic congestion and concentration of sources of toxic emissions, the atmospheric air is very polluted. Due to displacement of UGS by construction sites, greenery is lacking everywhere, and it is often absent in the sanitary protection zones of industrial plants. The study novelty consists in finding the degree of conformity of Kyiv’s urbanised landscapes to the criteria of environmental comfort of a compact and green city. With this in view, the built-up area-to-UGS ratio was found for Kyiv and its ten districts, and corresponding map charts were compiled. ECI was calculated for each district to determine the ratings of Kyiv’s districts. The study results can be extrapolated to other cities in Ukraine.
ESTABLISHING THE POSSIBILITY OF REUSING THE SPENT SORBENT OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY
(Tallinn: Teadmus, OÜ, 2022) Khudoiarova, Olha
На сьогодні актуальним є дослідження регенерації та модифікації відпрацьованих сорбентів з метою їх повторного використання. Досліджено вплив термохімічної активації відпрацьованої суміші сорбентів, яка складається з активованого вугілля та кізельгуру, на процес очистки стічних вод від сульфід-іонів та купрум(ІІ)-іонів. Отримані результати дозволяють рекомендувати використання попередньо регенерованого відпрацьованого промислового сорбенту харчової промисловості для очищення стічних вод від сульфід-іонів, технічних водних розчинів виробництва безалкогольних напоїв від органічних домішок та модифікованого сульфід-іонами сорбенту для очищення стічних вод гальванічних виробництв від купрум(ІІ)-іонів.
Features of leaf mesostructure organization under plant growth regulators treatment on broad bean plants
(Modern Phytomorphology, 2020) Shevchuk, О. A.; Kravets, O. O.; Shevchuk, V. V.; Khodanitska, O. O.; Tkachuk, O. O.; Golunova, L. А.; Polyvanyi, S. V.; Knyazyuk, O. V.; Zavalnyuk, O. L.
It was studied the mesostructure organization of leaf apparatus and pigment content of leaves under application of growth regulators with a different mechanism of action-chlormequat chloride (1%) (retardant of quaternary ammonium compounds group) and Emistim C (0,1 ml/l) (growth stimulator) on broad bean plants. The plant growth regulators treatment on broad beans led to the thickening of leaves due to an increase in the growth of columnar and spongy leaf parenchyma. Growth regulators influenced the formation of the stomatal apparatus of broad beans leaves in different ways. The inhibitory compound chlormequat chloride caused a decrease in the number of lower epidermal cells and stomata with a simultaneous increase in the area of the stomatal cell. The application of stimulator compound Emistim C led to an increase in epidermal cells, without differences in the number of stomata but the area of stomatal cells increased significantly. It has been established the enhancement of photosynthetic processes due to an increase in the chlorophyll content in assimilative cells of leaves under chlormequat chloride on broad beans.
Features of leaf photosynthetic apparatus of sugar beet under retardants treatment
(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019) Shevchuk, O.A.; Tkachuk, O.O.; Kuryata, V.G.; Khodanitska, O.O.; Polyvanyi, S.V.
We studied the influence of antigibberellin compounds with different mechanisms of action-Paclobutrazole (0.05%) and Dextrel (0.3%) on the formation of leaf surface, structure of photosynthetic apparatus and features of leaf functioning under retardants artificial growth control on sugar beet plants. We found that retardants treatment slowed the growth of total leaf surface of sugar beet. At the same time, application of Paclobutrazole (0.05%) caused a greater retardation effect on plant growth. The number of dead leaves of treated plants during vegetation season was unchanged compared to control. We established that decrease in the leaf area was accompanied by their thickening due to increase in the size of palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, decrease in the size of epidermal cells and increase in the number of stomatas per unit leaf area. Stomatal index which characterizes the ratio of number of stomata form to the total number of epidermal cells on the same leaf area was identical for all experimental variants, notably, the ratio of stomata and other epidermal cells not changed under retardants application. The rate of photosynthesis of retardants-treated leaves was lower than in a control, and the proportion of respiratory processes in their carbon dioxide gas exchange was greater. Dextrel and Paclobutrazole differently influenced on the ratio of leaf and mesophilic resistances of CO2 diffusion and concentration of carbon dioxide in intercellular spaces, that indicates about different regulation of assimilation apparatus activity with their participation. Retardants are a powerful means to regulate the assimilation apparatus activity, one of the donor-acceptor system component, and can be used for the targeted regulation of plastic substances redistribution in sugar beet.
Features of morphogenesis, donor-acceptor system formation and efficiency of crop production under chlormequat chloride treatment on poppy oil
(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2018) Polyvanyi, S.V.; Kuryata, V.H.
The paper present the results of the study of chlormequat chloride treatment on poppy oil. The use of chlormequat chloride at the budding phase led to an increase in the poppy seed oil productivity (Papaver somniferum L.) and was not accompanied by the accumulation of residual amounts of the drug in the seeds above the permitted norms. Under the action of the drugs, there is a correction of donor-acceptor relations in the plant, which was realized through the redistribution of photoassimilates from vegetative growth for the needs of carpogenesis. Deceleration of linear growth at the beginning of vegetation due to the action of chlormequat chloride led to intensive formation of a large number of leaves, leaf surface, optimization of the mesostructure of leaves and increased deposites in vegetative reserves of nonstructural carbohydrates. The formation of a more powerful acceptor sphere is associated with an increase in stem branching and, accordingly, by the laying of a greater number of fruits, the main acceptors of assimilates in the second half of the vegetation. It has been found out that vegetative organs should be considered not only as an intermediate depot of assimilates of carbohydrate nature, but also as a temporary receptacle of nitrogen compounds and nutrients. The increase of the plant load on the plants in the experimental variant also determined a more intense flow of carbohydrates, nitrogen-containing compounds and nutrients, which eventually ensured the growth of the seed production. It has been established that the use of chlormequat chloride resulted in a significant increase in the content of nitrogen and phosphorus and the reduction of potassium content in poppy meal. The growth in the poppy seed oil content of alkaloids under the influence of chlormequat chloride should be considered as an important practical result of these studies, which may be of great interest to the pharmacological industry.
Features of sheet apparatus of sugar beet under retardants treatment
(2021) Шевчук, О.; Shevchuk, O.; Шевчук, В.; Shevchuk, V.
Досліджено вплив препаратів ангиберелінового типу з різним механізмом дії – паклобутразол (0,05%) і декстрел (0,3%) на формування листкової поверхні, структури фотосинтетичного апарату та особливостей функціонування листка рослин цукрового буряка при штучній регуляції росту за допомогою ретардантів. Встановлено, що у рослин цукрового буряка за дії ретардантів спостерігалося уповільнення наростання сумарної листкової поверхні. При цьому більш рістгальмуючий ефект був виявлений під час застосування паклобутразолу (0,05%). У оброблених препаратами рослин кількість листків, що відмерли за весь період вегетації була незмінною в порівнянні з контролем. Встановлено, що зменшення площі листків супроводжувалося їх потовщенням за рахунок збільшення розмірів клітин стовпчастої та губчастої паренхіми, зменшенням розмірів клітин епідермісу і зростанням кількості продихів на одиницю площі листка. При цьому значення продихового показника, який характеризує відношення кількості продихів до загальної кількості всіх клітин епідермісу на одній і тій же площі, по всіх варіантах досліду було однаковим, тобто співвідношення продихів і інших клітин епідермісу під впливом ретардантів не змінювалося. Ретарданти є потужним засобом регуляції активності асиміляційного апарату – однієї із складових донорно-акцепторної системи рослин, і можуть бути застосовані для цілеспрямованої регуляції перерозподілу пластичних речовин у цукрового буряка.
Features of the mesostructural organization of the leave and the anatomical structure of the tobacco stem under the action of growth stimulators
(Біологія та екологія, 2021) Talalayeva, O.S.; Rohach, V.V.; Kuryata, V.G.; Rohach, T.I.
Tobacco plants of Ternopil 14 variety were treated with growth stimulants 1-NAA, GA3 and 6-BAP in the budding phase. Under the influence of growth stimulants, tobacco leaf blades thickened due to the growth of chlorenchyma. The greatest increase in leaf thickness was found after the application of GA3. 1-NAA and GA3 increased the volume of columnar parenchyma cells. The size of the cells of the spongy parenchyma under the action of growth regulators did not change significantly. It was found that 1-NAA reduced the number of epidermal cells and the number of stomata per unit abaxial surface of the leaf, and under the action of 6-BAP, these indicators increased authentically. GA3 increased the number of epidermal cells and decreased the number of stomata. All growth stimulants reduced the area of the stomata. Growth stimulants thickened the collenchyma layer and increased or did not change the size of sclerenchymal fiber cells. The thickness of the shells of sclerenchyma cells increased significantly only with the use of 6-BAP. Under the action of other growth stimulants, this indicator had only a tendency to increase. 1-NAA and 6-BAP increased the thickness of the secondary layer and decreased the primary periderm. Under the action of GA3, the layers of the primary and secondary periderm became thinner. The drugs increased the thickness of the xylem and the diameter of the largest vessels.
Formation and functioning of source-sink relation system of oil poppy under treptolem treatment towards crop productivity
(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2018) Polyvanyi, S.V.; Kuryata, V.H.
We studied the action of synthetic growth stimulator (treptolem) on the morphogenesis, leaf mesostructure, redistribution of assimilates, and nutrients between organs of oil poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) in ontogenesis, productivity and structure of crop. Optimization of production process of oil poppy under the influence of growth stimulator is realized through the source-sink relation system of the plant. Obtained results testify the essential role of morphological and mesostructural components in regulation of source-sink relation system of oil poppy. Appplcation of treptolem’s growth stimulating contributed the formation of more powerful donor sphere and increased the number and mass of leaves, the area of leaf surface and the leaf index. It was found that the reason of such morphological changes caused significant increase in branching of the stem by the action of treatment. The intensification of donor function poppy plants by treptolem also occurred as a result of mesostructural changes in the leaves. Treptolem application induced formation of a more powerful layer of chlorenchymes - the main photosynthetic tissues of plant, linear sizes of chlorenchymal cells and chlorophylls content increased in them. In that case, the intensification of growth processes at the beginning of vegetation under the influence of preparation led to forme a more powerful donor potential of the plant per unit of cenosis area, which created prerequisites to increase the productivity of culture. It was found that the consequence of such changes was an increase of the content of nonstructural carbohydrates (sugar + starch) in vegetative organs of treated variant in compared with the control of intense growth. Treatment showed apparent branching of the stems, that induced a larger number of flowers and fruitcases were laid an increase of acceptor capacity of plant. The result of these changes was determined by more intensive flow of nonstructural carbohydrates on the formation and growth of fruits in the variant with treptolem. In the flowering phase in the roots and leaves of plants, it was observed the highest content of nitrogen that during the formation and growth of the fruit was remobilized on the carpogenesis process. At the same time, the more intensively use of nitrogen by the vegetative organs of the poppy plants to form the fruitcases was in the variant with treptolem. It was noted the lower levels of phosphorus in the leaves and potassium in the vegetative organs of oil poppy in the variant of treptolem treated plant. It testifies that preparation treatment contributed to the more intensive reutilisation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds in fruit formation. The intensified flow of assimilates and nitrogen-containing compounds together with nutrients to a greater number of implanted fruits provided the growth of crop yields (by increase in the number of cases, the mass of seeds in case, and the mass of a single seed). It is confirmed that there is negative correlation between accumulation of oil and content of nitrogen. It was established that application of treptolem increased the content of unsaturated higher fatty acids in oil poppy. An important practical result of the research should be considered that treptolem treatment increased the content of alkaloids in the seeds of poppy plants, which could e useful in pharmacological industry. We proved that treptolem application during the budding period on the poppy seed leads to increase the yield of crop due to optimized morphological structure of plant, the mesosurface structure of leaf; it is also increased the potential trapping due to the laying and formation of a greater number of fruits.
Garden-park landscapes and the econetwork system of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine.
(2015) Kravtsova, I.V.; Кравцова, І. В.
A Law of Ukraine “About State program of formation national ecological networks of Ukraine on 20002015 years” was accepted in 2000. From this time a great work of the development of ecological network in Ukraine has been done. The including of garden-park landscapes in the structure of the ecological networks of Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine were proposed in the article. Ought to say, the gardenpark landscapes is a special group of anthropogenic landscapes. They are excellent examples of rational using of natural resources on the one hand and their conservation of the other. Garden-park landscapes are anthropogenic landscapes, created by man’s activity within the limits of which organized natural elements such as relief, water, soil, flora in combination with small architectural forms and constructions make up interconnected and correlated unity. Gardens and parks are the special scientific objects that devoted of the works of famous domestic and foreign scientists, which revealed the landscape-typological and artistic foundations of landscape architecture, technology issues creating green spaces, gardens and parks forming compositions, showed the role of social and ecological gardening. But from point of view of the physical geography and antropogenetic landscape science it isn’t investigated science problem. That why in article were showed role the garden-park landscapes in the structure of the ecological networks of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine.
Impact of retardants on sugar beet seed productivity
(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2020) Shevchuk, O.A.; Khodanitska, O.O.; Tkachuk, O.O.; Matviichuk, O.A.; Polyvanyi, S.V.; Golunova, L.A.; Kniaziuk, O.V.; Zavalniuk, O.L.
The study aimed to determine the aftereffects of dextrel and paclobutrazol on the seed productivity of sugar beet plants in the year following the treatment and the treatment of flowering shoots. Methods. Field research, analytical and statistical processing of research results. Results. The use of drugs of the inhibitory type of dextrel (0.3%) and paclobutrazol (0.05%) in the first year of the culture growing in the phase of formation of 28 and 38-40 leaves led to an increase in root mass, which provided intensive plant growth in the second year of vegetation. Our research results indicate an increase in seed productivity of beet plants in the second year of the growing season with the use of retardants. The use of dextrel by this technology led to an increase in germination energy and germination of all seed fractions. Treatment of sugar beet plants with retardants in the budding phase led to a visible growth-inhibiting effect and slowing down plants' axial organs' growth. The most significant inhibition was observed in first-order flowering shoots, which contributed to forming a more compact bush. The drugs stimulated the growth of side shoots, which lagged in growth due to correlations while forming a more productive type of bush with more side shoots. The use of retardants on sugar beet in the budding phase led to an increase in plants' seed productivity in the planting method of cultivation. Under the influence of growth regulators, there was an increase in the mass of fruit of fractions of 4.5-5.5 mm and 3.5-4.5 mm. The applying of 0.05% paclobutrazol by this technology leads to improved germination energy and germination of all fractions' seeds.
Influence of Chlormequatchloride on Morphogenesis and Productivity of Cruciferous Plants
(Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2022) Polyvanyi, S.; Polyvana, A.; Sakalova, H.; Shevchuk, O.; Khodanitska, O.; Tkachuk, O.; Matviichuk, O.; Knyazuk, O.; Stepanenko, I.; Zavalnyuk, O.
At present, there are burning issues concerning waste utilization of the agro-industrial complex, rational usage of nature and transition to the use of environmentally friendly and low-waste technologies. One of the most forward-looking areas is the application of the principles of the so-called "green chemistry", in particular, the development of technological processes using renewable raw materials and chemicals, the chemicals with a short half-life and low cost while ensuring maximum efficiency. The article presents the results of antigiberrelic preparation effect, which is characterized by low dosage and half-life in soil from 3 to 43 days on productivity, growth processes, anatomical, morphological features and functioning of the leaf apparatus of white mustard plants and rapeseed. The research shows that CCC-750 reduced the height of mustard and rapeseed plants. Inhibition of growth processes of white mustard plants at the beginning of the flowering phase with an anti-gibberellic preparation led to increased stem branching, which, in its turn, resulted in an increase in the number and area of leaves throughout the growing season. Moreover, the use of quaternary ammonium salt on winter rape plants has led to a reduction in the number of leaves and leaf area in comparison to the control samples. The application of the retardant caused an increase in the productivity of the studied cultures due to the increase in the number of pods, the increase in the mass of thousands of seeds and the number of seeds in the pod.
Influence of dextrel and paklobutrazol retarders on productivity of sugar beet plants
(Praga : Publishing House «Education and Science» s.r.o., 2018) Shevchuk, O. A; Шевчук, О.А.
Застосування препаратів ретардантної дії декстрелу та паклобутразолу на рослинах цукрового буряка у фази 60-ти та 80-ти днів вегетації підвищувало продуктивність культури: масу коренеплодів та цукристість.
Influence of gibberellin inhibitors on the accumulation and redistribution of various forms of carbohydrates and nitrogencontaining compounds in plants of Solanum melongena L.
(Biologija, 2020) Rogach, V.; Reshetnyk, K.; Kuryata, V.; Rogach, T.
The 0.025% tebuconazole (EW-250), 0.25% chlormequat chloride (CCC-750), and 0.15% ethephon (2-CEPA) influences growth processes, the leaf apparatus, chlorophyll concentration and various carbohydrates forms, and total nitrogen content in Solanum melongena L. The decrease in the linear dimensions of the aubergine was established for all preparations. The most significant decrease in height was observed after the application of 2-HEPCs. The retardants increased the number of leaves, the dry matter mass of leaves, the leaf area, chlorophyll content, and the surface density of the leaf. EW-250 and ССС-750 retardants strengthened carbohydrate accumulation in aubergine fruits, mainly due to reducing forms. During the growing season, the total and protein nitrogen content decreased in roots and stems both in control and in experiment variants. EW-250 and CCC-750 accelerated total and protein nitrogen outflow from roots and stems and increased its content in leaves. Increasing the carbohydrates content in fruits the retardants simultaneously reduced the content of various nitrogen forms. Such changes in the dynamics of total nitrogen under the influence of tebuconazole led to enhanced fruit formation on each plant. Thus, retardants EW-250 and ССС-750 changed the nature of the donor-acceptor relations in them by increasing the outflow of plastic substances from vegetative organs to fruits and increasing the culture productivity.
Influence of Growth Inhibitors on a Leaf Aparatus of Poppy Oil
(Lesia Ukrainka Eastern European National University Scientific Bulletin. Series: Biological Sciences, 2019) Polyvanyi, S.V.
During the field experiment we studied the effect of chlormequat-chloride and folikyr on the morphological peculiarities of the leaf surface formation and the anatomical indices of the leaves of the oilseed poppy plants. It is proved that the treatment of oilseed poppy plants with growth inhibitors leads to strengthening in the branching of the stem, the increase in the number, leaves’ mass and area and the duration of their lifespan. Such changes can contribute to the prolongation of synthesis and accumulation of assimilates, and they can also have a positive impact on crop yield. During the entire period of vegetation, regardless of weather conditions, the number of leaves in the plants treated with retardants was greater than in the control ones and, accordingly, at the end of the vegetation the number was the following: with chlormequat-chloride – *19,18±0,59, with the folikyr – *18,62±0,45, against the control items where the number of leaves was 16,53±0,39. Thus, it is more effective to use chlormequat-chloride solution rather than the folikyr. A similar trend is observed in the influence of growth regulators on the leaf area, it increased in all variants of the case study. The use of retardants of the quaternary ammonium salt of chlormequat-chloride and the triazole derivative of the folikyr resulted in thickening of the main assimilation tissue of chlorenchyme leaf due to the growth of its cells, and it also contributed to the increase in the number of stomata and their total area per leaf surface unit. The formation of a more powerful leaf apparatus ensured an increase in the productivity of oilseed poppy plants. It is proved that the use of anti-giberlin regulators of growth leads to positive changes in the structure of the crop, namely an increase in the number of poppy heads per plant, the number of seeds in a head, the mass of the seed itself. This contributed to the growth of crop capacity of oilseed poppy plants, and in the samples with the use of chlormequat-chloride, the crop capacity was – *895,43±10,35 kg/ha, the folikyr – *869,52± 11,52 kg/ha, against the control samples, where it was – 812,66±9,64 kg/ha.