Наукові публікації. Виступи
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Item Features of leaf photosynthetic apparatus of sugar beet under retardants treatment(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019) Shevchuk, O.A.; Tkachuk, O.O.; Kuryata, V.G.; Khodanitska, O.O.; Polyvanyi, S.V.We studied the influence of antigibberellin compounds with different mechanisms of action-Paclobutrazole (0.05%) and Dextrel (0.3%) on the formation of leaf surface, structure of photosynthetic apparatus and features of leaf functioning under retardants artificial growth control on sugar beet plants. We found that retardants treatment slowed the growth of total leaf surface of sugar beet. At the same time, application of Paclobutrazole (0.05%) caused a greater retardation effect on plant growth. The number of dead leaves of treated plants during vegetation season was unchanged compared to control. We established that decrease in the leaf area was accompanied by their thickening due to increase in the size of palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, decrease in the size of epidermal cells and increase in the number of stomatas per unit leaf area. Stomatal index which characterizes the ratio of number of stomata form to the total number of epidermal cells on the same leaf area was identical for all experimental variants, notably, the ratio of stomata and other epidermal cells not changed under retardants application. The rate of photosynthesis of retardants-treated leaves was lower than in a control, and the proportion of respiratory processes in their carbon dioxide gas exchange was greater. Dextrel and Paclobutrazole differently influenced on the ratio of leaf and mesophilic resistances of CO2 diffusion and concentration of carbon dioxide in intercellular spaces, that indicates about different regulation of assimilation apparatus activity with their participation. Retardants are a powerful means to regulate the assimilation apparatus activity, one of the donor-acceptor system component, and can be used for the targeted regulation of plastic substances redistribution in sugar beet.Item Impact of retardants on sugar beet seed productivity(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2020) Shevchuk, O.A.; Khodanitska, O.O.; Tkachuk, O.O.; Matviichuk, O.A.; Polyvanyi, S.V.; Golunova, L.A.; Kniaziuk, O.V.; Zavalniuk, O.L.The study aimed to determine the aftereffects of dextrel and paclobutrazol on the seed productivity of sugar beet plants in the year following the treatment and the treatment of flowering shoots. Methods. Field research, analytical and statistical processing of research results. Results. The use of drugs of the inhibitory type of dextrel (0.3%) and paclobutrazol (0.05%) in the first year of the culture growing in the phase of formation of 28 and 38-40 leaves led to an increase in root mass, which provided intensive plant growth in the second year of vegetation. Our research results indicate an increase in seed productivity of beet plants in the second year of the growing season with the use of retardants. The use of dextrel by this technology led to an increase in germination energy and germination of all seed fractions. Treatment of sugar beet plants with retardants in the budding phase led to a visible growth-inhibiting effect and slowing down plants' axial organs' growth. The most significant inhibition was observed in first-order flowering shoots, which contributed to forming a more compact bush. The drugs stimulated the growth of side shoots, which lagged in growth due to correlations while forming a more productive type of bush with more side shoots. The use of retardants on sugar beet in the budding phase led to an increase in plants' seed productivity in the planting method of cultivation. Under the influence of growth regulators, there was an increase in the mass of fruit of fractions of 4.5-5.5 mm and 3.5-4.5 mm. The applying of 0.05% paclobutrazol by this technology leads to improved germination energy and germination of all fractions' seeds.