Наукові публікації. Виступи
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Item Вплив суміші регуляторів росту на особливості перерозподілу елементів мінерального живлення та продуктивність рослин маку(Актуальні питання сучасної біологічної науки та методики її викладання: збірник наукових праць звітної наукової конференції викладачів за 2021-2022 н.р., 2022) Поливаний, С.В.; Polyvanyi, S.V.; Поливана, А.С.; Polivana, A.S.В умовах польового досліду вивчали вплив суміші трептолему і хлормекватхлориду на морфологічні особливості та накопичення і перерозподіл азоту, фосфору і калію рослинами маку олійного. Встановлено, що обробка рослин маку регуляторами росту призводила до посилення галуження стебла, збільшення кількості, площі та маси листків. Обробка сумішшю препаратів призводила до потовщення основної асиміляційної тканини листка хлоренхіми внаслідок розростання її клітин. Внаслідок цих змін фотосинтетичного апарату суттєво підвищувався донорний потенціал рослин маку олійного. Внаслідок посиленого галуження стебла за дії препаратів закладалася додаткова кількість нових атрагуючих центрів – коробочок. Це призводило до перерозподілу надлишку елементів мінерального живлення в бік формування плодів.Item Features of leaf photosynthetic apparatus of sugar beet under retardants treatment(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019) Shevchuk, O.A.; Tkachuk, O.O.; Kuryata, V.G.; Khodanitska, O.O.; Polyvanyi, S.V.We studied the influence of antigibberellin compounds with different mechanisms of action-Paclobutrazole (0.05%) and Dextrel (0.3%) on the formation of leaf surface, structure of photosynthetic apparatus and features of leaf functioning under retardants artificial growth control on sugar beet plants. We found that retardants treatment slowed the growth of total leaf surface of sugar beet. At the same time, application of Paclobutrazole (0.05%) caused a greater retardation effect on plant growth. The number of dead leaves of treated plants during vegetation season was unchanged compared to control. We established that decrease in the leaf area was accompanied by their thickening due to increase in the size of palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, decrease in the size of epidermal cells and increase in the number of stomatas per unit leaf area. Stomatal index which characterizes the ratio of number of stomata form to the total number of epidermal cells on the same leaf area was identical for all experimental variants, notably, the ratio of stomata and other epidermal cells not changed under retardants application. The rate of photosynthesis of retardants-treated leaves was lower than in a control, and the proportion of respiratory processes in their carbon dioxide gas exchange was greater. Dextrel and Paclobutrazole differently influenced on the ratio of leaf and mesophilic resistances of CO2 diffusion and concentration of carbon dioxide in intercellular spaces, that indicates about different regulation of assimilation apparatus activity with their participation. Retardants are a powerful means to regulate the assimilation apparatus activity, one of the donor-acceptor system component, and can be used for the targeted regulation of plastic substances redistribution in sugar beet.Item Impact of retardants on sugar beet seed productivity(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2020) Shevchuk, O.A.; Khodanitska, O.O.; Tkachuk, O.O.; Matviichuk, O.A.; Polyvanyi, S.V.; Golunova, L.A.; Kniaziuk, O.V.; Zavalniuk, O.L.The study aimed to determine the aftereffects of dextrel and paclobutrazol on the seed productivity of sugar beet plants in the year following the treatment and the treatment of flowering shoots. Methods. Field research, analytical and statistical processing of research results. Results. The use of drugs of the inhibitory type of dextrel (0.3%) and paclobutrazol (0.05%) in the first year of the culture growing in the phase of formation of 28 and 38-40 leaves led to an increase in root mass, which provided intensive plant growth in the second year of vegetation. Our research results indicate an increase in seed productivity of beet plants in the second year of the growing season with the use of retardants. The use of dextrel by this technology led to an increase in germination energy and germination of all seed fractions. Treatment of sugar beet plants with retardants in the budding phase led to a visible growth-inhibiting effect and slowing down plants' axial organs' growth. The most significant inhibition was observed in first-order flowering shoots, which contributed to forming a more compact bush. The drugs stimulated the growth of side shoots, which lagged in growth due to correlations while forming a more productive type of bush with more side shoots. The use of retardants on sugar beet in the budding phase led to an increase in plants' seed productivity in the planting method of cultivation. Under the influence of growth regulators, there was an increase in the mass of fruit of fractions of 4.5-5.5 mm and 3.5-4.5 mm. The applying of 0.05% paclobutrazol by this technology leads to improved germination energy and germination of all fractions' seeds.Item Morphogenesis of mustard white under the action of the antigibberellic preparation chlormequat chloride(Modern Phytomorphology, 2020) Polyvanyi, S.V.; Golunova, L.A.; Baiurko, N.V.; Khodanitska, O.O.; Shevchuk, V.V.; Rоgаch, Т.І.; Tkachuk, O.O.; Knyazyuk, O. V.; Zavalnyuk, O. L.; Shevchuk, O.A.The research in question reveals the influence of the antigibberellic preparation-chlormequat chloride-on growth processes, morphogenesis, content of pigments, leaf mesostructure and functioning of the leaf apparatus of white mustard plants (Sinapis alba L.). It is established that CCS-750 reduces plant height by 4.09% overall. Inhibition of growth processes at the start of the growing season by the retardant led to the formation of more leaves throughout the whole period of vegetation. Similarly, leaf area increased significantly in the experimental version. The basis of such changes was the enlarged stem branching under the action ofthe preparation. Treatment of mustard plants in the budding phase caused optimization of the leaf anatomical structure; there wasthickening of the assimilation parenchyma due to the expansion of its cells. The use of the quaternary ammonium salt of chloroquatechloride led to an increase in the amount of chlorophyll in the mustard leaves.Item Influence of Growth Inhibitors on a Leaf Aparatus of Poppy Oil(Lesia Ukrainka Eastern European National University Scientific Bulletin. Series: Biological Sciences, 2019) Polyvanyi, S.V.During the field experiment we studied the effect of chlormequat-chloride and folikyr on the morphological peculiarities of the leaf surface formation and the anatomical indices of the leaves of the oilseed poppy plants. It is proved that the treatment of oilseed poppy plants with growth inhibitors leads to strengthening in the branching of the stem, the increase in the number, leaves’ mass and area and the duration of their lifespan. Such changes can contribute to the prolongation of synthesis and accumulation of assimilates, and they can also have a positive impact on crop yield. During the entire period of vegetation, regardless of weather conditions, the number of leaves in the plants treated with retardants was greater than in the control ones and, accordingly, at the end of the vegetation the number was the following: with chlormequat-chloride – *19,18±0,59, with the folikyr – *18,62±0,45, against the control items where the number of leaves was 16,53±0,39. Thus, it is more effective to use chlormequat-chloride solution rather than the folikyr. A similar trend is observed in the influence of growth regulators on the leaf area, it increased in all variants of the case study. The use of retardants of the quaternary ammonium salt of chlormequat-chloride and the triazole derivative of the folikyr resulted in thickening of the main assimilation tissue of chlorenchyme leaf due to the growth of its cells, and it also contributed to the increase in the number of stomata and their total area per leaf surface unit. The formation of a more powerful leaf apparatus ensured an increase in the productivity of oilseed poppy plants. It is proved that the use of anti-giberlin regulators of growth leads to positive changes in the structure of the crop, namely an increase in the number of poppy heads per plant, the number of seeds in a head, the mass of the seed itself. This contributed to the growth of crop capacity of oilseed poppy plants, and in the samples with the use of chlormequat-chloride, the crop capacity was – *895,43±10,35 kg/ha, the folikyr – *869,52± 11,52 kg/ha, against the control samples, where it was – 812,66±9,64 kg/ha.Item Потужність фотосинтетичного апарату та насіннєва продуктивність Papaver somniferum L. за дії трептолему(Біологія та екологія, 2019) Поливаний, С.В.; Polyvanyi, S.V.З позицій концепції донорно-акцепторних відносин проаналізовано результати вивчення впливу стимулятора росту трептолему на морфологічні особливості та продукційний процес рослин маку олійного. Встановлено, що обробка рослин маку олійного цим препаратом призводила до підвищення росту, посилення галуження стебла, збільшення кількості, маси, площі листків на рослині та тривалості їх життя. Такі зміни можуть сприяти подовженню синтезу і накопиченню асимілятів та мати позитивний вплив на урожайність культури. Використання стимулятора росту призводило до потовщення основної асиміляційної тканини листка хлоренхіми внаслідок розростання її клітин. Відсутня чітка диференціація асиміляційної паренхіми (хлоренхіми) на стовпчасту та губчасту у рослин маку олійного. Покращення мезоструктурних показників листків та збільшення вмісту хлорофілів за дії трептолему призводило до збільшення чистої продуктивності фотосинтезу. Застосуання трептолему зумовлює формування більш потужного фотосинтетичного апарату і збільшення «запиту» на асиміляти процесами карпогенезу внаслідок посиленого галуження стебла та формування більшої кількості коробочок на рослині. Результатом такої корекції донорно-акцепторних відносин в рослині є підвищення насіннєвої продуктивності культури. Застосування препарату призводить до позитивних змін у структурі урожаю – збільшення числа плодів на рослині, кількості насінин у коробочках, маси самого насіння. Це сприяло зростанню продуктивності рослин маку олійного і відповідно у варіанті із застосуванням трептолему урожайність становить – *10,15 ± 0,26 (ц/га), проти контролю, де продуктивність склала –8,37 ± 0,25 (ц/га).Item Morphogenesis and the effectiveness of the production process of oil poppy under the complex action of retardant chlormequat chloride and growth stimulant treptolem(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019) Polyvanyi, S.V.; Kuryata, V.H.; Shevchuk, O.A.; Tkachuk, O.O.The effect of a combination of chlormequat chloride and growth stimulator treptolem (1:1) on the donor - acceptor relationship, productivity, anatomical, morphological features and functioning of the leaf apparatus of poppy oil plant (Papaver somniferum L.) is studied. The treatment of plants by spraying a combination of preparations during the budding period led to an increase in the crop productivity. The redistribution of the flow of assimilates towards the fruit formation occured due to the increase in the number of leaves, the extension of their life, the formation of a larger leaf surface, a more powerful chlorenchyme and the growth of the content of chlorophylls in its cells. The aforementioned led to an increase in the net productivity of photosynthesis and gross photosynthetic productivity of poppy plants and cenosis in general. Such changes resulted in a more intense formation of structural and reserve carbohydrates - sugars and starch, an increase in the extent of its temporary deposit in the roots and leaves of oilseed poppy plants. The application of a complex of preparations also led to the formation of a more powerful acceptor sphere due to the strengthening of stem branching, an increase in the number of fruits (pods) - the main acceptor of assimilates in the fruiting phase. The growth of the oilseed poppy yield under the action of a mixture of chlormequat chloride and treptolem was determined by changes in the crop structure. Simultaneously with the growth of the number of fruits (pods), the mass of seeds in pods and the mass of thousands of seeds increased as well. The use of a combination of preparations did not lead to a violation of toxicological standards - the content of chlormequat chloride and treptolem in the seed did not exceed the permitted norms. The growth of the yield of poppy seed oil due to the action of chlormequat chloride and treptolem was accompanied by an increase in the seed oil content. The quality of poppy oil grew mainly due to an increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in it. It is also established that the use of a complex of these preparations resulted in accumulation of narcotic alkaloids - tebaina, morphine and codeine in the phase of waxy ripeness in the pods. The obtained solid results can be of interest to the pharmacological industry.Item Formation and functioning of source-sink relation system of oil poppy under treptolem treatment towards crop productivity(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2018) Polyvanyi, S.V.; Kuryata, V.H.We studied the action of synthetic growth stimulator (treptolem) on the morphogenesis, leaf mesostructure, redistribution of assimilates, and nutrients between organs of oil poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) in ontogenesis, productivity and structure of crop. Optimization of production process of oil poppy under the influence of growth stimulator is realized through the source-sink relation system of the plant. Obtained results testify the essential role of morphological and mesostructural components in regulation of source-sink relation system of oil poppy. Appplcation of treptolem’s growth stimulating contributed the formation of more powerful donor sphere and increased the number and mass of leaves, the area of leaf surface and the leaf index. It was found that the reason of such morphological changes caused significant increase in branching of the stem by the action of treatment. The intensification of donor function poppy plants by treptolem also occurred as a result of mesostructural changes in the leaves. Treptolem application induced formation of a more powerful layer of chlorenchymes - the main photosynthetic tissues of plant, linear sizes of chlorenchymal cells and chlorophylls content increased in them. In that case, the intensification of growth processes at the beginning of vegetation under the influence of preparation led to forme a more powerful donor potential of the plant per unit of cenosis area, which created prerequisites to increase the productivity of culture. It was found that the consequence of such changes was an increase of the content of nonstructural carbohydrates (sugar + starch) in vegetative organs of treated variant in compared with the control of intense growth. Treatment showed apparent branching of the stems, that induced a larger number of flowers and fruitcases were laid an increase of acceptor capacity of plant. The result of these changes was determined by more intensive flow of nonstructural carbohydrates on the formation and growth of fruits in the variant with treptolem. In the flowering phase in the roots and leaves of plants, it was observed the highest content of nitrogen that during the formation and growth of the fruit was remobilized on the carpogenesis process. At the same time, the more intensively use of nitrogen by the vegetative organs of the poppy plants to form the fruitcases was in the variant with treptolem. It was noted the lower levels of phosphorus in the leaves and potassium in the vegetative organs of oil poppy in the variant of treptolem treated plant. It testifies that preparation treatment contributed to the more intensive reutilisation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds in fruit formation. The intensified flow of assimilates and nitrogen-containing compounds together with nutrients to a greater number of implanted fruits provided the growth of crop yields (by increase in the number of cases, the mass of seeds in case, and the mass of a single seed). It is confirmed that there is negative correlation between accumulation of oil and content of nitrogen. It was established that application of treptolem increased the content of unsaturated higher fatty acids in oil poppy. An important practical result of the research should be considered that treptolem treatment increased the content of alkaloids in the seeds of poppy plants, which could e useful in pharmacological industry. We proved that treptolem application during the budding period on the poppy seed leads to increase the yield of crop due to optimized morphological structure of plant, the mesosurface structure of leaf; it is also increased the potential trapping due to the laying and formation of a greater number of fruits.Item Features of morphogenesis, donor-acceptor system formation and efficiency of crop production under chlormequat chloride treatment on poppy oil(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2018) Polyvanyi, S.V.; Kuryata, V.H.The paper present the results of the study of chlormequat chloride treatment on poppy oil. The use of chlormequat chloride at the budding phase led to an increase in the poppy seed oil productivity (Papaver somniferum L.) and was not accompanied by the accumulation of residual amounts of the drug in the seeds above the permitted norms. Under the action of the drugs, there is a correction of donor-acceptor relations in the plant, which was realized through the redistribution of photoassimilates from vegetative growth for the needs of carpogenesis. Deceleration of linear growth at the beginning of vegetation due to the action of chlormequat chloride led to intensive formation of a large number of leaves, leaf surface, optimization of the mesostructure of leaves and increased deposites in vegetative reserves of nonstructural carbohydrates. The formation of a more powerful acceptor sphere is associated with an increase in stem branching and, accordingly, by the laying of a greater number of fruits, the main acceptors of assimilates in the second half of the vegetation. It has been found out that vegetative organs should be considered not only as an intermediate depot of assimilates of carbohydrate nature, but also as a temporary receptacle of nitrogen compounds and nutrients. The increase of the plant load on the plants in the experimental variant also determined a more intense flow of carbohydrates, nitrogen-containing compounds and nutrients, which eventually ensured the growth of the seed production. It has been established that the use of chlormequat chloride resulted in a significant increase in the content of nitrogen and phosphorus and the reduction of potassium content in poppy meal. The growth in the poppy seed oil content of alkaloids under the influence of chlormequat chloride should be considered as an important practical result of these studies, which may be of great interest to the pharmacological industry.