Роль органів публічної влади в становленні ринку землі в Україні: організаційно-правовий аспект

Abstract

Досліджуються проблеми органів публічної влади в становленні ринку землі в Україні та надаються шляхи їх вирішення. Зроблено порівняльно-правовий аналіз ролі публічної влади з використанням міжнародного досвіду. Запропоновано нову модель організації публічної влади в становленні ринку.

Исследуются проблемы органов публичной власти в становлении рынка земли в Украине и предоставляются пути их решения. Сделан сравнительно-правовой анализ роли публичной власти с использованием международного опыта. Предложена новая модель организации публичной власти в становлении рынка.

The question of the feasibility of becoming a land market in Ukraine has become particularly relevant in view of the European integration processes taking place in the country today and remains one of the most debated in Ukraine. Based on these considerations, the purpose of this article is to expose the role of public authority in the development of the land market in Ukraine. Also, in order to avoid duplication of functions by executive authorities and local self-government bodies, in our opinion, it is necessary to create a State Service for Land Management and Land Protection. In doing so, the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre should delegate to the Service tasks, functions for the organization and control of the land market, which is the main and the only direction in this field. The State Land Management and Land Conservation Service can only have such powers that will be used to meet state needs and not the departmental interests of the authority or the interests of its individual officials. We also propose to adopt the Law of Ukraine “On the State Service for Land Management and Land Protection”, which will reveal the organizational and legal mechanism of activity of the authorities, define guarantees for the protection of Ukrainian peasants, and regulate and control the land market in Ukraine. Introducing the agricultural land market, we have every opportunity to regulate the rules of existence and functioning of the land market in such a way as to give the public authorities the opportunity to realize the ownership of land guaranteed by the Constitution, namely local self-government bodies. Thus, successful foreign experience leads to the conclusion that, on the one hand, it is necessary to balance the interests and guarantees of producers working on land, and on the other – to protect the interests of its owners. In order to increase the investment attractiveness and economic return of agricultural land, it is necessary to improve the mechanism of their lease. The problem of the role of public authorities in the field of land market development in Ukraine is not well understood, and the state of legal support for this problem needs further improvement to the relevant EU norms and standards.