Педагогічна етика й культура вчителя кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ століття.

Abstract

У статті досліджено особливості педагогічної етики та педагогічної культури вчителів, які працювали в навчальних закладах освіти України в кінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ століття. Розкрито особливості професіограми тогочасних учителів, визначено вимоги до їхніх професійно-особистісних якостей. Охарактеризовано критерії та показники педагогічної етики вчителів. Виокремлено шляхи творчого впровадження педагогічного досвіду минулого в освітній процес сучасних закладів освіти.

The problem of the teacher’s professiogram is relevant in any historical era, since it is the teacher who plays the leading role in the educational process. The effectiveness of the educational process depends on its moral qualities to a greater extent, determines the relevance of the raised problem. The study of the features of pedagogical ethics and the pedagogical culture of teachers who worked in educational institutions of Ukraine in the late XIX – early XX centuries is the goal of our research. The following research methods were used to achieve the goal of the study: historical and retrospective analysis; historical and comparative analysis; chronologically-generalizing, problemsearching, historical-analytical methods; methods of generalization and systematization. The article analyzes the definitions of “pedagogical ethics” and “pedagogical culture”. The authors presented their own definition of these concepts. According to the teaching ethics, the authors understand the system of moral values of teachers based on the principles of humanism, democracy, child centrism, respect and exactingness towards themselves and others with the aim of educating value orientations and intellectual development of the younger generation. To analyze the pedagogical ethics and culture of teachers of the late XIX – early XX centuries, the authors determined their criteria (value-oriented, scientific and professional, activity criterion) and indicators. The following documents were analyzed in detail to study the norms of pedagogical ethics and culture: “Instructions for teachers of one-class and two-class national schools” (1871), “Instruction on the educational activities of teachers of the Volyn Theological Seminary” (1881), "Statutes of Orthodox Theological Seminary" (1867) and other educational documents. The analysis of normative acts, reports, pedagogical diaries, archival materials on the work of educational institutions, publications of periodicals showed a high level of pedagogical culture and ethics of teachers, who carried out their activities in the Volyn province schools by certain criteria (value-oriented, scientific and professional, activity criterion). It is determined that the modern teacher, in addition to proper mastering of the latest information technologies of teaching, must have “eternal” pedagogical values, which were relevant in the analyzed time period.