Катахреза у системі поетики нонсенсу (на матеріалі американської поезії постмодернізму)

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано віршовані тексти постмодернізму та виявлено, що домінантним стилістичним засобом створення поетики нонсенсу є катахреза. Встановлено, що подібність катахрези до інших тропів впливає на характер лінгвокогнітивних механізмів, а саме на тип мапування, яке здійснюється у її концептуальній структурі.В статье проанализированы стихотворные тексты постмодернизма и выявлено, что доминантным стилистическим средством создания поэтики нонсенса является катахреза. Установлено, что сходство катахрезы к другими тропами влияет на характер лингвокогнитивных механизмов, а именно на тип картирования, которое осуществляется в ее концептуальной структуре.The article explores the stylistic devices and cognitive mechanisms which determine poetics of nonsense in postmodern American poetry. Poetics of nonsense is understood as the unity of means and techniques as well as linguistic and cognitive mechanisms of creating sense in a literary text. Contrastive stylistic devices predominate in the system of poetics of nonsense. Among them catachresis is viewed as the central stylistic device. Catachresis should not be confused with metaphor or oxymoron though they have much in common. It is established that the similarity of catachresis to other stylistic devices influences the character of linguistic and cognitive mechanisms performed in its conceptual structure. Such mechanisms are different types of mapping, which is regarded by cognitive linguistics as comprehension of one entity in terms of another. Another basic issue of cognitive linguistics about a certain conceptual scheme which underlies each stylistic device allowed us to distinguish several types of catachresis. These are catachresis-metaphor, catachresis-paradox and catechrsesis of synesthetic type. Catachresis-metaphor is actualized in postmodern poetic texts by means of analogy based on the mechanism of association. However, if metaphor is usually formed according associations by similarity, then in catachresis this relationship is formed precisely by the similarity of incompatible, heterogeneous entities. Catachresis-paradox is a type of catachresis embodied through a paradoxical combination of incompatible entities belonging to different ontological planes. Such catachresis reflects author’s unique perception of the world. Catachresis-paradoxes contradict the logic and knowledge of the surrounding world, creating an intellectual obstacle to the perception of the depicted reality and cognitive discomfort. Catachresis of synesthetic type is formed by means of mapping of incompatible but non-contrastive concepts belonging to the realm of sensations. Synesthesia is the phenomenon of multisensory perception, the reaction to external stimulation of senses when a person is not able to distinguish certain types of sensations. So a feeling received by one sense organ gives rise to a feeling that corresponds to another sense organ. The analysis of postmodern American poetry revealed numerous cases of usage of catachresis-paradoxes and catachresis of synesthetic type. The usage of catachresis in the system of poetics of nonsense contributes to the ambiguity of senses in postmodern poetry and reveals the creative potential of language in forming new and concealing common meanings in contemporary American poetic texts.