Розвиток системи освіти дорослих у різних країнах світу.

Abstract

У статті подано короткі відомості про міжнародні зв’язки у розвитку системи освіти дорослих у різних країнах світу. Проаналізовано доробок вчених, фахівців, що вивчали роль освіти дорослих у контексті життєвого шляху і міжнародного порівняння різних країн, які ґрунтуються на лонгітюдних даних із урахуванням особливостей в організації освіти дорослих у різних країнах. З’ясовано, що в цілому спостерігається значна різноманітність у рівні участі людей в освіті дорослих у різних європейських країнах. Виявлено, що участь в усіх формах освіти дорослих (крім формальної освіти за рахунок роботодавця) по країнах тим вищий, чим вищі в цих країнах державні витрати на освіту, витрати на наукові дослідження і розробки та на соціальний захист населення.In connection with globalization and demographic changes, adult education is becoming increasingly important in today's society, and similar social mechanisms exist in different countries, which determine the participation of adult education and the linkage of this participation with the results on the labor market. But mostly those who are already well educated and have a fairly favorable position in the labor market, which acts as a mechanism for increasing social inequality, are raising their education. This is especially noticeable in relation to the widespread non-formal education in all countries, which is organized at the expense of employers. The purpose of the article: to find out the role of international relations in the development of the educational system of adults in different countries of the world. Brief information about international relations in the development of adult education system in different countries is presented. The analysis of the achievements of scientists, specialists who studied the role of adult education in the context of life and international comparison of different countries based on longitudinal data, taking into account the difference in the organization of adult education in different countries and their peculiarities. It has been found that there is a significant diversity in the level of participation of adults in adult education in different European countries. It has been found that participation in all forms of adult education (with the exception of formal education at the expense of the employer) by the countries is higher, the higher the public expenditure on education in these countries, the expenses for research and development and the social protection of the population. The basic regularities concerning participation in the formal education of adults are revealed. In some countries (Finland and partly in Denmark, Germany, USA) in formal education adults mostly come from workers with a lower initial education level and not the most confident position in the labor market, which suggests that formal education in these countries allows partially offset the social inequality that arose in the early stages of life. In some cases (in Australia, Spain, Sweden, UK) participation in formal education is due mainly to poor job market conditions. In some countries (Hungary and, to some extent, Estonia), initial social inequality is not compensated through formal adult education.