Теоретичний аспект соціальної профілактики жорстокого поводження з дітьми в сім’ї

Abstract

У статті розкрито поняття «жорстоке поводження з дітьми в сім’ї», проаналізовано основні причини (соціальні; економічні; психологічні; педагогічні; соціально-педагогічні; правові; політичні; соціально-медичні; фізіологічні та медичні) та наслідки насильства в сім’ї над дітьми, зазначено види та ознаки насильства над дітьми (фізичне, сексуальне, психічне (емоційне) насильство, нехтування потребами дитини), розкрито основні напрями діяльності соціального працівника з попередження насильства в сім’ї: робота з дітьми, робота з сім’ями дітей, робота з педагогічним колективом.

The article describes the concept of "child abuse in the family", analyzes the main causes and consequences of domestic violence against children, identifies types of violence against children (physical, sexual, mental (emotional) violence, neglect of the child's needs), the basic directions of activity of social worker on prevention of domestic violence are revealed: work with children, work with families of children, work with pedagogical team. Сhild abuse is any form of physical, mental, sexual or economic and social violence against or outside the home of a child. The manifestations of child abuse are the beating or abuse, deception of children, ignoring their needs, inattentive, negligent treatment, exploitation, including sexual assault on a child, etc. Child abuse can be: brutal, disregarding, controlling (like hyperopic), authoritarian, violent. The article identifies the following reasons that lead to domestic violence: social (tensions, conflicts, violence in society; propaganda in the media of violence as a model of behavior); economic (material disadvantages; lack of decent living conditions and at the same time – lack of conditions for employment and money making; economic dependence; unemployment); psychological (stereotypes of behavior); pedagogical (lack of a culture of behavior – legal, moral, civil, aesthetic, economic, labor); socio-pedagogical (lack of conscious fatherhood, family values in society, positive model of family life based on gender equality, family education based on the rights of the child); legal (treating violence as an internal family problem, not as a negative social phenomenon, family members as property; lack of legal awareness); political (aptitude for gender stereotypes; insufficient priority of family and gender equality issues; attention to motherhood and childhood rather than family in general; lack of attention to paternity, men); socio-medical (lack of reproductive culture in the population, responsible parenthood, system of family doctors; alcoholism, drug addiction, aggression, etc.); physiological and medical (disorders of hormonal background, metabolism, speed of reactions; administration of excitatory drugs; diseases of the nervous system). The work of a social pedagogue family violence prevention involves three phases: diagnostic, therapeutic-preventive, control. At each stage are different forms and methods of work: tests, questionnaires, prepared for the identification of the family situation, parenting style, level of development of communicative abilities and social confidence children, is the selection and evaluation of facts and causes of violence, definition of families, potentially violent, and surveys of adults, a private talk with adults, with each child, the observation of the behavior of children, pedagogical education of parents through interviews, meetings, consultations, the organization of joint activities for children and parents, individual work with children, work with troubled families. The work of a social worker to prevent domestic violence is aimed at achieving several goals: identifying and overcoming the effects of child abuse, comfort of each family member; awareness of stereotypes of interaction and change of their pathological forms by each family member.