Освіта ХХІ століття: пошук парадигми
Date
2018
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Вінниця: ВДПУ
Abstract
У статті проаналізовано ґенезу філософських парадигм освіти в контексті визначення методологічних основ розвитку освіти ХХІ ст. Розкрито позитивний уплив на розвиток Західної культури та цивілізації класичної парадигми освіти. Але з іншого боку, саме принципи класичної парадигми призвели до негативних наслідків (моральних, екологічних) в ХХ ст. Установлено позитивну роль у руйнуванні класичної парадигми освіти некласичної парадигми, яка відкидає абсолютизацію раціональності, нормативності та абсолютизує плюралістичні підходи та відносність в поглядах на світ та способах їхнього вирішення. Але будь-яка абсолютизація принципів плюралізму, відносності також веде до негативних наслідків, особливо в сфері моралі. Обґрунтовано сутність та базові принципи розробки постнекласичної (сучасної) парадигми освіти. Постнекласична філософія освіти, на відміну від некласичної, не абсолютизує «відмову від істин» та «плюралізм», а акцентує увагу на діалозі ідей, світоглядів, цінностей.
In the article there has been analyzed the genesis of the philosophical paradigms of education in the context of determining the methodological foundations of the education development of the XXI century. The positive influence on the development of Western culture and civilization of the classical (traditional) education paradigm has been shown. The classical paradigm of education is based on the principle of Sophists, «man is the measure of all things», which became the basis for the formation and development of such key characteristics of the development of Western culture and civilization: freedom, creative personality and society, critical thinking, development of democracy, human rights, development of science , technology. And this became the basis of the high level of achievements of modern culture and civilization of the Western world. But, on the other hand, it has been proved that it was precisely the implementation of the principles of the classical paradigm (rationalism, technocracy, narativism, normativity, certainty, totalitarianism, authoritarianism) that led to the emergence of a number of problems in the twentieth century, especially in the field of ecology and morality. A positive role of a non-classical paradigm in the destruction of the classical paradigm of education has been established, which rejects the absolutization of rationality, normativity, and absolutizes pluralistic approaches and relativity in the views on the world and the ways of their solution. But any absolutization of the principles of pluralism and relativity also leads to negative consequences, especially in the field of morality. The essence and basic principles of development of the post-nonclassical (modern) paradigm of education. Рost-nonclassical paradigm of education, in contrast to non-classical, does not absolve «rejection of truths» and «pluralism», but focuses attention on the dialogue of ideas, worldviews, values.
In the article there has been analyzed the genesis of the philosophical paradigms of education in the context of determining the methodological foundations of the education development of the XXI century. The positive influence on the development of Western culture and civilization of the classical (traditional) education paradigm has been shown. The classical paradigm of education is based on the principle of Sophists, «man is the measure of all things», which became the basis for the formation and development of such key characteristics of the development of Western culture and civilization: freedom, creative personality and society, critical thinking, development of democracy, human rights, development of science , technology. And this became the basis of the high level of achievements of modern culture and civilization of the Western world. But, on the other hand, it has been proved that it was precisely the implementation of the principles of the classical paradigm (rationalism, technocracy, narativism, normativity, certainty, totalitarianism, authoritarianism) that led to the emergence of a number of problems in the twentieth century, especially in the field of ecology and morality. A positive role of a non-classical paradigm in the destruction of the classical paradigm of education has been established, which rejects the absolutization of rationality, normativity, and absolutizes pluralistic approaches and relativity in the views on the world and the ways of their solution. But any absolutization of the principles of pluralism and relativity also leads to negative consequences, especially in the field of morality. The essence and basic principles of development of the post-nonclassical (modern) paradigm of education. Рost-nonclassical paradigm of education, in contrast to non-classical, does not absolve «rejection of truths» and «pluralism», but focuses attention on the dialogue of ideas, worldviews, values.
Description
Освіта. Філософія освіти
Keywords
освіта, педагогіка, парадигма, класична (традиційна) парадигма освіти, некласична парадигма освіти, постнекласична (сучасна) парадигма освіти, свобода, етика відповідальності, education, pedagogy, paradigm, classical (traditional) paradigm of education, nonclassical paradigm of education, post-nonclassical (modern) paradigm of education, freedom, ethics of responsibility
Citation
Прищак М. Д. Освіта ХХІ століття: пошук парадигми / М. Д. Прищак // Наукові записки. Серія: педагогіка і психологія / Вінницький державний педагогічний університет імені Михайла Коцюбинського. – 2018. – Вип. 55. – С. 24-29.