Наукові публікації. Виступи
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Item Features of leaf photosynthetic apparatus of sugar beet under retardants treatment(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019) Shevchuk, O.A.; Tkachuk, O.O.; Kuryata, V.G.; Khodanitska, O.O.; Polyvanyi, S.V.We studied the influence of antigibberellin compounds with different mechanisms of action-Paclobutrazole (0.05%) and Dextrel (0.3%) on the formation of leaf surface, structure of photosynthetic apparatus and features of leaf functioning under retardants artificial growth control on sugar beet plants. We found that retardants treatment slowed the growth of total leaf surface of sugar beet. At the same time, application of Paclobutrazole (0.05%) caused a greater retardation effect on plant growth. The number of dead leaves of treated plants during vegetation season was unchanged compared to control. We established that decrease in the leaf area was accompanied by their thickening due to increase in the size of palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, decrease in the size of epidermal cells and increase in the number of stomatas per unit leaf area. Stomatal index which characterizes the ratio of number of stomata form to the total number of epidermal cells on the same leaf area was identical for all experimental variants, notably, the ratio of stomata and other epidermal cells not changed under retardants application. The rate of photosynthesis of retardants-treated leaves was lower than in a control, and the proportion of respiratory processes in their carbon dioxide gas exchange was greater. Dextrel and Paclobutrazole differently influenced on the ratio of leaf and mesophilic resistances of CO2 diffusion and concentration of carbon dioxide in intercellular spaces, that indicates about different regulation of assimilation apparatus activity with their participation. Retardants are a powerful means to regulate the assimilation apparatus activity, one of the donor-acceptor system component, and can be used for the targeted regulation of plastic substances redistribution in sugar beet.Item Impact of retardants on sugar beet seed productivity(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2020) Shevchuk, O.A.; Khodanitska, O.O.; Tkachuk, O.O.; Matviichuk, O.A.; Polyvanyi, S.V.; Golunova, L.A.; Kniaziuk, O.V.; Zavalniuk, O.L.The study aimed to determine the aftereffects of dextrel and paclobutrazol on the seed productivity of sugar beet plants in the year following the treatment and the treatment of flowering shoots. Methods. Field research, analytical and statistical processing of research results. Results. The use of drugs of the inhibitory type of dextrel (0.3%) and paclobutrazol (0.05%) in the first year of the culture growing in the phase of formation of 28 and 38-40 leaves led to an increase in root mass, which provided intensive plant growth in the second year of vegetation. Our research results indicate an increase in seed productivity of beet plants in the second year of the growing season with the use of retardants. The use of dextrel by this technology led to an increase in germination energy and germination of all seed fractions. Treatment of sugar beet plants with retardants in the budding phase led to a visible growth-inhibiting effect and slowing down plants' axial organs' growth. The most significant inhibition was observed in first-order flowering shoots, which contributed to forming a more compact bush. The drugs stimulated the growth of side shoots, which lagged in growth due to correlations while forming a more productive type of bush with more side shoots. The use of retardants on sugar beet in the budding phase led to an increase in plants' seed productivity in the planting method of cultivation. Under the influence of growth regulators, there was an increase in the mass of fruit of fractions of 4.5-5.5 mm and 3.5-4.5 mm. The applying of 0.05% paclobutrazol by this technology leads to improved germination energy and germination of all fractions' seeds.Item Morphogenesis and the effectiveness of the production process of oil poppy under the complex action of retardant chlormequat chloride and growth stimulant treptolem(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019) Polyvanyi, S.V.; Kuryata, V.H.; Shevchuk, O.A.; Tkachuk, O.O.The effect of a combination of chlormequat chloride and growth stimulator treptolem (1:1) on the donor - acceptor relationship, productivity, anatomical, morphological features and functioning of the leaf apparatus of poppy oil plant (Papaver somniferum L.) is studied. The treatment of plants by spraying a combination of preparations during the budding period led to an increase in the crop productivity. The redistribution of the flow of assimilates towards the fruit formation occured due to the increase in the number of leaves, the extension of their life, the formation of a larger leaf surface, a more powerful chlorenchyme and the growth of the content of chlorophylls in its cells. The aforementioned led to an increase in the net productivity of photosynthesis and gross photosynthetic productivity of poppy plants and cenosis in general. Such changes resulted in a more intense formation of structural and reserve carbohydrates - sugars and starch, an increase in the extent of its temporary deposit in the roots and leaves of oilseed poppy plants. The application of a complex of preparations also led to the formation of a more powerful acceptor sphere due to the strengthening of stem branching, an increase in the number of fruits (pods) - the main acceptor of assimilates in the fruiting phase. The growth of the oilseed poppy yield under the action of a mixture of chlormequat chloride and treptolem was determined by changes in the crop structure. Simultaneously with the growth of the number of fruits (pods), the mass of seeds in pods and the mass of thousands of seeds increased as well. The use of a combination of preparations did not lead to a violation of toxicological standards - the content of chlormequat chloride and treptolem in the seed did not exceed the permitted norms. The growth of the yield of poppy seed oil due to the action of chlormequat chloride and treptolem was accompanied by an increase in the seed oil content. The quality of poppy oil grew mainly due to an increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in it. It is also established that the use of a complex of these preparations resulted in accumulation of narcotic alkaloids - tebaina, morphine and codeine in the phase of waxy ripeness in the pods. The obtained solid results can be of interest to the pharmacological industry.Item Features of morphogenesis, donor-acceptor system formation and efficiency of crop production under chlormequat chloride treatment on poppy oil(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2018) Polyvanyi, S.V.; Kuryata, V.H.The paper present the results of the study of chlormequat chloride treatment on poppy oil. The use of chlormequat chloride at the budding phase led to an increase in the poppy seed oil productivity (Papaver somniferum L.) and was not accompanied by the accumulation of residual amounts of the drug in the seeds above the permitted norms. Under the action of the drugs, there is a correction of donor-acceptor relations in the plant, which was realized through the redistribution of photoassimilates from vegetative growth for the needs of carpogenesis. Deceleration of linear growth at the beginning of vegetation due to the action of chlormequat chloride led to intensive formation of a large number of leaves, leaf surface, optimization of the mesostructure of leaves and increased deposites in vegetative reserves of nonstructural carbohydrates. The formation of a more powerful acceptor sphere is associated with an increase in stem branching and, accordingly, by the laying of a greater number of fruits, the main acceptors of assimilates in the second half of the vegetation. It has been found out that vegetative organs should be considered not only as an intermediate depot of assimilates of carbohydrate nature, but also as a temporary receptacle of nitrogen compounds and nutrients. The increase of the plant load on the plants in the experimental variant also determined a more intense flow of carbohydrates, nitrogen-containing compounds and nutrients, which eventually ensured the growth of the seed production. It has been established that the use of chlormequat chloride resulted in a significant increase in the content of nitrogen and phosphorus and the reduction of potassium content in poppy meal. The growth in the poppy seed oil content of alkaloids under the influence of chlormequat chloride should be considered as an important practical result of these studies, which may be of great interest to the pharmacological industry.