Наукові публікації. Виступи
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Item Morphogenesis and the effectiveness of the production process of oil poppy under the complex action of retardant chlormequat chloride and growth stimulant treptolem(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019) Polyvanyi, S.V.; Kuryata, V.H.; Shevchuk, O.A.; Tkachuk, O.O.The effect of a combination of chlormequat chloride and growth stimulator treptolem (1:1) on the donor - acceptor relationship, productivity, anatomical, morphological features and functioning of the leaf apparatus of poppy oil plant (Papaver somniferum L.) is studied. The treatment of plants by spraying a combination of preparations during the budding period led to an increase in the crop productivity. The redistribution of the flow of assimilates towards the fruit formation occured due to the increase in the number of leaves, the extension of their life, the formation of a larger leaf surface, a more powerful chlorenchyme and the growth of the content of chlorophylls in its cells. The aforementioned led to an increase in the net productivity of photosynthesis and gross photosynthetic productivity of poppy plants and cenosis in general. Such changes resulted in a more intense formation of structural and reserve carbohydrates - sugars and starch, an increase in the extent of its temporary deposit in the roots and leaves of oilseed poppy plants. The application of a complex of preparations also led to the formation of a more powerful acceptor sphere due to the strengthening of stem branching, an increase in the number of fruits (pods) - the main acceptor of assimilates in the fruiting phase. The growth of the oilseed poppy yield under the action of a mixture of chlormequat chloride and treptolem was determined by changes in the crop structure. Simultaneously with the growth of the number of fruits (pods), the mass of seeds in pods and the mass of thousands of seeds increased as well. The use of a combination of preparations did not lead to a violation of toxicological standards - the content of chlormequat chloride and treptolem in the seed did not exceed the permitted norms. The growth of the yield of poppy seed oil due to the action of chlormequat chloride and treptolem was accompanied by an increase in the seed oil content. The quality of poppy oil grew mainly due to an increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in it. It is also established that the use of a complex of these preparations resulted in accumulation of narcotic alkaloids - tebaina, morphine and codeine in the phase of waxy ripeness in the pods. The obtained solid results can be of interest to the pharmacological industry.Item Formation and functioning of source-sink relation system of oil poppy under treptolem treatment towards crop productivity(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2018) Polyvanyi, S.V.; Kuryata, V.H.We studied the action of synthetic growth stimulator (treptolem) on the morphogenesis, leaf mesostructure, redistribution of assimilates, and nutrients between organs of oil poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) in ontogenesis, productivity and structure of crop. Optimization of production process of oil poppy under the influence of growth stimulator is realized through the source-sink relation system of the plant. Obtained results testify the essential role of morphological and mesostructural components in regulation of source-sink relation system of oil poppy. Appplcation of treptolem’s growth stimulating contributed the formation of more powerful donor sphere and increased the number and mass of leaves, the area of leaf surface and the leaf index. It was found that the reason of such morphological changes caused significant increase in branching of the stem by the action of treatment. The intensification of donor function poppy plants by treptolem also occurred as a result of mesostructural changes in the leaves. Treptolem application induced formation of a more powerful layer of chlorenchymes - the main photosynthetic tissues of plant, linear sizes of chlorenchymal cells and chlorophylls content increased in them. In that case, the intensification of growth processes at the beginning of vegetation under the influence of preparation led to forme a more powerful donor potential of the plant per unit of cenosis area, which created prerequisites to increase the productivity of culture. It was found that the consequence of such changes was an increase of the content of nonstructural carbohydrates (sugar + starch) in vegetative organs of treated variant in compared with the control of intense growth. Treatment showed apparent branching of the stems, that induced a larger number of flowers and fruitcases were laid an increase of acceptor capacity of plant. The result of these changes was determined by more intensive flow of nonstructural carbohydrates on the formation and growth of fruits in the variant with treptolem. In the flowering phase in the roots and leaves of plants, it was observed the highest content of nitrogen that during the formation and growth of the fruit was remobilized on the carpogenesis process. At the same time, the more intensively use of nitrogen by the vegetative organs of the poppy plants to form the fruitcases was in the variant with treptolem. It was noted the lower levels of phosphorus in the leaves and potassium in the vegetative organs of oil poppy in the variant of treptolem treated plant. It testifies that preparation treatment contributed to the more intensive reutilisation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds in fruit formation. The intensified flow of assimilates and nitrogen-containing compounds together with nutrients to a greater number of implanted fruits provided the growth of crop yields (by increase in the number of cases, the mass of seeds in case, and the mass of a single seed). It is confirmed that there is negative correlation between accumulation of oil and content of nitrogen. It was established that application of treptolem increased the content of unsaturated higher fatty acids in oil poppy. An important practical result of the research should be considered that treptolem treatment increased the content of alkaloids in the seeds of poppy plants, which could e useful in pharmacological industry. We proved that treptolem application during the budding period on the poppy seed leads to increase the yield of crop due to optimized morphological structure of plant, the mesosurface structure of leaf; it is also increased the potential trapping due to the laying and formation of a greater number of fruits.