Наукові публікації. Виступи
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Item Вплив регуляторів росту екзогенних рослин на морфогенез, фізіологічні та біохімічні характеристики та продуктивність солодкого перцю Capsicum annuum L.(Фізіологія рослин та генетика, 2021) Рогач, В.В.; Войтенко, Л.В.; Щербатюк, М.М.; Кур’ята, В.Г.; Косаківська, І.В.; Рогач, Т.І.; Rogach, V. V.; Voytenko, L. V.; Shcherbatiuk, M. M.; Kuryata, V. G.; Kosakivska, I. V.; Rogach, T. I.В умовах ґрунтово-піщаної культури досліджено ефекти фоліарної обробки 0,005%-ми водними розчинами 1-нафтилоцтової кислоти (1-НОК), гіберелової кислоти (ГК3) і 6-бензиламінопурину (6-БАП) на морфогенез, фізіолого-біо¬хімічні характеристики і продуктивність рослин перцю солодкого сорту Антей. Встановлено, що обробка екзогенними регуляторами росту у фазу бутонізації індукувала збільшення лінійних розмірів рослин, кількості листків, біомаси сирих листків, стебел і коренів та біомаси сухої речовини усієї рослини. Після обробки впродовж вегетаційного періоду збільшувались площа листкових плас¬тинок, у фазу утворення плодів — загальна площа листкової поверхні всієї рослини. Виявлено потовщення листкової пластинки внаслідок збільшення об’єму клітин стовпчастої паренхіми. Екзогенні 1-НОК і 6-БАП індукували збільшення розмірів клітин губчастої паренхіми листків. За обробки екзоген¬ним 6-БАП достовірно зростав вміст хлорофілів у листках, тоді як за дії ГК3 цей показник зменшувався. Після фоліарної обробки усіма досліджуваними регуляторами росту в стеблах перцю солодкого зменшився вміст індоліл-3-оцтової (ІОК) та абсцизової (АБК) кислот. Натомість рівень ендогенної ГК3 після обприскування розчинами 1-НОК і ГК3 підвищився, тоді як після обприску¬вання 6-БАП, навпаки, знизився. В листках зафіксовано зростання вмісту ІОК, максимальний ефект спостерігався після обробки синтетичним аукси¬ном. Екзогенні 1-НОК і 6-БАП гальмували накопичення ГК3, тоді як екзогенна ГК3 посилювала акумуляцію фітогормону. Всі регулятори росту спричинювали зменшення вмісту АБК у листках перцю солодкого. Найвиразнішим був ефект екзогенної ГК3. За дії 1-НОК зменшувався пул ендогенних цитокінінів у стеблах і збільшувався у листках, тоді як обробка розчином ГК3 практично не впливала на накопичення цитокінінів. Усі регулятори росту позитивно впливали на врожайність перцю солодкого: збільшувалась кількість плодів і зростала середня маса одного плоду. Найефективнішою виявилась фоліарна обробка рослин синтетичним аналогом цитокінінів — 6-БАП.Item Вплив фоліарної обробки синтетичними регуляторами росту на морфогенез, вміст пігментів, фітогормонів та продуктивність Solanum melongena L.(Вісник Харківського національного аграрного університету, 2020) Рогач, В. В.; Войтенко, Л. В.; Щербатюк, М. М.; Рогач, Т. І.; Косаківська, І. В.; Rogach, V. V.; Voytenko, L. V.; Shcherbatiuk, M. M.; Rogach, T. I.; Kosakivska, I. V.We analyzed the effect of foliar treatment with 0,005% water solution of 1-naphthylacetic acid (1- NAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Almaz during vegetation experiments in soil-sand culture. Exogenous growth regulators in the budding phase were shown to cause some increase in the linear dimensions of the plants, the number of leaves, the fresh weight of leaves, stems and roots, as well as the dry weight of the whole plant. Following treatment with GA3 and 6-BAP solutions, the leaf blade area increased during the whole vegetation period, and at its completion, the total leaf area of a whole plant enlarged too. Exogenous 6-BAP significantly increased the content of chlorophylls in the leaves, while under GA3 it decreased. Growth promoters thickened the leaf blade due to the growth of chlorenchyma cells. In the GA3 and 6-BAP variants, the volume of columnar parenchyma cells increased, and with the use of 1-NAA, cell size of the spongy parenchyma increased. All preparations significantly increased the content of indole -3-acetic acid (IAA), GA3 and abscisic acid (ABA) in stems. Leaves treated with 6-BAP showed trace amounts of endogenous IAA and GA3, whereas exogenous 1-NAA and GA3 effect resulted in a significant IAA content increase. After treatment with 1-NAA, the level of endogenous GA3 decreased, while exogenous GA3 caused the accumulation of hormone in the eggplant leaves. The content of ABA in the plant leaves affected by exogenous 1-NAA and GA3 increased and after treatment with the 6-BAP solution decreased. The pool of cytokinins in the 1-NAA-treated stems and leaves increased, whereas 6-BAP suppressed the accumulation of cytokinins in the stems and stimulated in the leaves. Treatment with GA3 solution had no effect on cytokinin accumulation. All growth promoters increased the number of fruits per eggplant plant and the average weight of one fruit. The most effective was synthetic cytokinin analogue 6-BAP.Item Morphogenesis, pigment content, phytohormones and yield of tomatoes under the action of gibberellin and tebuconazole(Biosystems Diversity, 2022) Rogach, V. V.; Kuryata, V. G.; Kosakivska, I. V.; Voitenko, L. V.; Shcherbatyuk, M. M.; Rogach, T. I.One of the main tasks of contemporary plant physiology is regulation of growth and development of cultivated plants in order to optimize the productive process. The scientific community focuses its attention on the use of natural activators and growth inhibitors. We investigated the effect of foliar treatment with 0.005% solution of gibberellic acid and 0.025% solution of the anti-gibberellic preparation tebuconazole on morphogenesis, leaf mesostructure, content of photosynthetic pigments, balance of endogenous phytobrybrides and lymphocyte B and productivity of tomatoes. The vegetation experiment was carried out in the conditions of soil-sand culture in vessels with a 10-liter volume. The treatment was carried out in the budding phase. Morphometric parameters were measured every 10 days. The mesostructure of the middle tier leaves was studied in the fruit formation phase, and the chlorophyll content was determined in the raw material by spectrophotometric method. Analytical determination of endogenous phytohormones – indolyl-3-acetic (IAA), gibberellic acid and abscisic (ABA) acids and cytokinins – zeatin (Z), zeatin-O-glucoside (ZG), zeatinribozide (Znila) and isopentenyladenosine (iPA) was performed by high performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). With gibberellic acid treatment plant height increased significantly, while with tebuconazole it decreased. Gibberellic acid increased the number of leaves per plant, and tebuconazole did not change it. The preparations increased the number of leaf blades per leaf, the total number of leaf blades per plant, the weight of the raw material of leaves, the area of leaf blades and the area of the leaves at the end of the study period. The dry matter weight of stems and roots under the action of gibberellic acid increased, and during the treatment of tebuconazole decreased. Gibberellic acid increased the dry matter of the whole plant, and tebuconazole did not change it. Under the action of tebuconazole the content of chlorophyll in the leaves increased, while under the action of gibberellic acid it decreased. Both regulators increased the volume of columnar parenchyma cells. Gibberellic acid increased the size of spongy parenchyma cells, while tebuconazole did not change them. It is revealed that the action of exogenous gibberellic acid in stems and leaves increased the content of endogenous IAA and gibberellic acid, and tebuconazole decreased their content. The ABA content in stems and leaves increased with tebuconazole treatments and decreased with exogenous gibberellic acid. The total cytokinin content in the leaves was higher than in the stems in both the control and the experiment samples. Growth regulators induced an increase in the cytokinin pool in leaves and a decrease in stems. Gibberellic acid increased the content of all five forms of cytokinins in the leaves, and tebuconazole increased only two isoforms. In the stems under the action of both growth regulators the content of Z decreased and iP increased. The content of ZR and iPA in stems increased after the application of the retardant and decreased under the action of growth stimulant. The ZG content exceeded the control after gibberellic acid treatment and was in trace concentrations under the action of tebuconazole. Growth regulators optimized the productivity of tomato plants: under the action of gibberellic acid there was a considerable increase in the number of fruits per plant, and after the use of tebuconazole the average weight of one fruit significantly increased. The obtained results demonstrated that anatomical-morphological and structural-functional rearrangements in tomato plants under the action of exogenous gibberellic acid and tebuconazole occurred against the background of changes in the balance and distribution of endogenous hormones. Increased photosynthetic activity, stimulation of growth processes of some plant organs and inhibition of others increased the biological crop capacity.Item Morphogenesis, pigment content, phytohormones and productivity of eggplants under the action of gibberellin and tebuconazole(Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 2020) Rogach, V. V.; Voytenko, L. V.; Shcherbatiuk, M. M.; Kosakivska, I. V.; Rogach, T. I.Regulation of growth and development of cultivated plants in order to optimize the production process is one of the main objectives of modern plant physiology. Both activators and growth inhibitors are used for this purpose. The effect of foliar treatment with 0.005% solution of gibberellic acid and 0.025% solution of antigibberellic preparation of tebuconazole on the morphogenesis, leaf structure, photosynthetic pigment content, balance of phytohormones and eggplant productivity cv. Diamond variety was investigated. The treatment with the preparations was carried out in the budding phase. The vegetation experiment was laid under soil and sand culture in vessels of a ten-liter capacity. The morphometric parameters were determined every 10 days, the mesostructure was studied in the leaves of the middle tier in the phase of fruit formation, chlorophyll content was measured in the raw material by spect¬rophotometric method. Analytical determination of phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic, abscisic acids and cytokinins – zeatin, zeatin-O-glucoside, zeatinriboside, isopentenyladenine and isopentenyladenosine) was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Under the action of gibberellic acid, plant height increased significantly, and it decreased after its treatment with tebuconazole. The stimulator and inhibitor increased the number of leaves per plant, the weight of the leaf dry matter, the area of the individual leaf blade and the area of leaves per plant. Both preparations increased the weight of the raw material of the stems and roots, as well as the mass of dry matter of the whole plant. Under the action of tebuconazole, the content of chlorophylls in the leaves increased, while under the action of gibberellic acid it decreased. After treatment with gibberellic acid and tebuconazole, the thickness of the leaf blade increased due to chlorenchyma thickening. In the variant with gibberellic acid, the thickness of upper and lower epidermis increased, and in the variant with tebuconazole, these parameters decreased. Both growth regulators increased the volume of cells of the columnar parenchyma. The contet of endogenous gibberellic, indole-3-acetic and abscisic acids of the stems and especially in the leaves increased with the treatment of exogenous gibberellic acid, whereas after the application of tebuconazole the gibberellic and indole-3-acetic acid content of the stems decreased significantly and practically decreased to traces. Instead, the amount of abscisic acid increased. After treatment with exogenous gibberellic acid, the pool of cytokinins in the leaves significantly decreased. The inactive isoforms of the hormone zeatin-O-glucoside and isopentenyladenosine dominated in the stems. The effect of tebuconazole decreased the pool of cytokinins in the stems and increased in the leaves. In general, due to the multidirectional action, growth regulators positively influenced the elements of eggplant productivity. More effective was the retardant – tebuconazole. Therefore, the anatomic-morphological and structural-functional rearrangements in eggplants under the effects of exogenous gibberellic acid and tebuconazole are due to changes in the balance and distribution of endogenous hormones. Increased photosynthetic activity, stimulation of growth processes of some organs of the plant and inhibition of others enlarged the biological productivity of the culture.Item Morphogenesis, pigment content, phytohormones and productivity of sweet pepper under the action of gibberellin and tebuconazole(Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 2021) Rogach, V. V.; Kuryata, V. G.; Kosakivska, I. V.; Voitenko, L. V.; Shcherbatiuk, M. M.; Rogach, T. I.One of the main tasks of modern plant physiology is regulation of growth and development of cultivated plants in order to optimize the productive process. The attention of the scientific community is focused on the use of natural activators and growth inhibitors. We investigated the effect of foliar treatment with 0.005% solution of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.025% solution of the antigibberellic preparation tebuconazole (EW-250) on morphogenesis, leaf mesostructure, the content of photosynthetic pigments, the balance of endogenous phytohormones and productivity of Capsicum annuum L., Antey variety. The vegetation experiment was carried out in the conditions of soil-sand culture in vessels with a volume of 10 L. Treatment of plants was carried out in the budding phase. Morphometric parameters were determined every 10 days. The mesostructure of the middle tier leaves was studied in the fruit formation phase, and the chlorophyll content was determined in the raw material by spectrophotometric method. Analytical determination of endogenous phytohormones – indolyl-3-acetic (IAA), gibberellic (GA3) and abscisic (ABA) acids and cytokinins – zeatin (Z), zeatin-O-glucoside (ZG), zeatinribozide (ZR), isopentenyladenine (iP) and isopentenyladenosine (iPA) were performed by high performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). With GA3 treatment, plant height increased considerably, while with EW-250, it decreased. Both regulators led to an increase in the number of leaves on the plant, the leaf raw biomass, stems and roots and the dry matter of the whole plant, the area of a single leaf blade and the total area of leaves on the plant. Under the action of EW-250, the chlorophyll content in the leaves surged, while under the action of GA3 it tended to decrease or did not change at all. Both regulators thickened the chlorenchyma and boosted the volume of the columnar parenchyma cells. GA3 treatment induced a rise in the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, and EW-250 led, on the contrary, to a decrease. It is shown that after treatment with exogenous GA3, the content of endogenous IAA and ABA decreased and GA3 in plant stems increased. Instead, EW-250 caused a decrease in the levels of GA3, IAA and ABA in the stems. Exogenous GA3 enhanced the accumulation of endogenous GA3 and IAA and inhibited ABA in the leaves. Under the action of the retardant, the level of ABA in the leaves did not change, while GA3 and IAA decreased. Treatment of plants with the studied growth regulators caused a decrease in the pool of cytokinins (CK) in stems. EW-250 showed a significant rise in the hormone content in the leaves. After spraying with GA3 solution, the level of ZG, Z and ZR grew. Under the action of the retardant, the increase in the CK pool occurred exclusively due to the iP. Growth regulators optimized the productivity of sweet pepper plants: under the action of GA3 there was an increase in the number of fruits per plant, and after the use of EW-250 there was a rise in the average weight of one fruit. The obtained results showed that anatomical-morphological and structural-functional rearrangements of sweet pepper plants under the action of exogenous gibberellic acid and EW-250 took place against the background of changes in the balance and distribution of endogenous hormones. Increased photosynthetic activity, stimulation of growth processes of some plant organs and inhibition of others enlarged biological productivity of the culture.