Наукові записки Вінницького державного педагогічного університету імені Михайла Коцюбинського. Серія: Історія
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://library.vspu.net/items/21477071-f7cb-436f-bd93-6afbb284c0d1
Browse
3 results
Search Results
Item Activities of State Authorities to Overcome Unemployment in the Ukrainian SSR in the 1920s(Вінниця : ВДПУ, 2023) Melnychuk, Oleh; Murashova, Olha; Prylypko, RuslanThe purpose of the article on the basis of archival sources and scientific heritage of domestic scientists analyzes the experience of practical activities of state authorities to solve the problem of mass unemployment of the population of the Ukrainian SSR in the 1920s. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of historical research: historicism, consistency, objectivity in the selection of facts and documents. Among the special methods used in the study should be called problem-chronological, historical-systemic, historical-typological. The scientific novelty of the article is to reveal the features of state policy and the activities of state authorities to overcome the unemployment of employees through the system of compulsory state social insurance. Conclusions. Having finally seized power in Ukraine, the Bolshevik leadership publicly declared the need to create an effective system of social support for especially vulnerable segments of the population. Of course, declarative slogans did not reflect real intentions and opportunities. Under the conditions of a debilitating civil war and economic devastation, it was quite natural to see a massive increase in the number of unemployed and a drop in the living standards of the population. This was especially exacerbated with the transition to a new economic policy. In the early 1920s a number of legislative initiatives were adopted to mitigate the unemployment situation. It was about the introduction of compulsory unemployment insurance at the state level. Insurance premiums paid by employers and employees were to become the financial basis for the payment of benefits to the unemployed. The implementation of this state policy on the ground relied on labor exchanges. However, excessive bureaucracy and a limited number of such institutions could not sufficiently solve this problem. The lack of funds for material support of the population was particularly acute, so the government was forced to look for alternative options: public works, in-kind assistance or the provision of various benefits. Active industrial construction, which began at the end of the 1920s, led to an increase in the demand for labor. In such conditions, the Party-Soviet leadership took a course to eliminate unemployment by administrative means, not recognizing as unemployed those workers who refused the job offered to them.Item Features of the Pension Provision of Workers and Employees in the USSR During the 1920's.(Вінниця: ВДПУ, 2022) Melnychuk, Oleh; Murashova, Olha; Мельничук, Олег; Мурашова, ОльгаThe purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the pension system of workers and employees of the USSR in the 20s of the 20th century. . The research methodology of the study is the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematicity. In the context of studying the problem, general and special research methods were used: problem-chronological, systemic, historical-comparative, etc. The scientific novelty of the work is to reveal the features of the pension of workers and employees, which was based on the principles of social insurance. Conclusions. After seizing power in Ukraine, after several unsuccessful attempts, the Bolsheviks proclaimed the need to create an effective system of social protection of workers and employees on the ground. Of course, such statements had nothing to do with reality. In the conditions of the Civil War and economic ruin, the state did not have the funds to implement this program, even for a limited number of people. Therefore, the main purpose of such declarative statements was the desire of the occupying power to convince the lumpenized strata of the authorities' concern for them. With the transition to a new economic policy, the financial situation in the country has become even more complicated due to the limited capacity of the state budget in a market economy. In view of this, the Bolshevik republican authorities made a proposal to reorganize the social protection system on the principles of social insurance. Under the new conditions, insurance premiums were the main source of social benefits. One of the most important forms of social protection at that time was the provision of pensions to the disabled. Provision was made at the expense of employers' insurance premiums, the amount of which was determined by the harmfulness and danger of production. If in the first half of the 1920s the main reason for the payment of pensions was permanent disability (disability), then later pensions for old age and seniority were introduced. A significant number of people wishing to receive pensions and the difficult financial situation of social insurance (state-owned enterprises were exempt from paying contributions) did not allow providing pensioners according to the established norms. The size of the paid pensions, for the most part, was meager and did not allow to meet basic needs. Pensions were often replaced by food rations. In addition, the authorities periodically tried to limit the range of "non-proletarian" elements provided by the legislative deprivation of pensions and the meticulous activities of hospital control bodies, which determined the degree of disability.Item Органи робітничої медицини в системі охорони здоров’я УСРР у 20-х рр. ХХ ст.(Вінниця : ТОВ «Нілан-ЛТД», 2019) Мельничук, Олег; Мельничук, Олег; Melnychuk, Oleh; Мельничук, Максим; Мельничук, Максим; Melnychuk, MaksymУ статті висвітлено організаційно-правові основи становлення в системі охорони здоров’я УСРР 20-х рр. ХХ ст. органів робітничої медицини. У період нової економічної політики означені органи надавали медичні послуги робітникам та службовцям за рахунок коштів медичного страхування. Аналізуючи практичну діяльність органів робітничої медицини із обслуговування застрахованих, автори відзначають ефективність їх роботи, результатом якої було покращення якості наданих медичних послуг