«Позбавленці» в соціальній структурі радянського села 1920-х років
Date
2019
Authors
Стародубець, Галина
Стародубец, Галина
Starodubets, Galyna
Стародубець, Володимир
Стародубец, Владимир
Starodubets, Volodymyr
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Вінниця : ТОВ «Нілан-ЛТД»
Abstract
Аналізується інститут «позбавленців» («лишенцев»), штучно створений
більшовиками з перших місяців приходу до влади, як один з інструментів репресивної політики
комуністичного режиму. Характеризуються основні феномени категорії «позбавленці» з
огляду на їх місце в соціальній структурі радянського села 1920-х років, правовий статус на
прикладі результатів проведення виборчої кампанії 1925-1926 років у Коростенській окрузі на
Житомирщині. Вказується, що втрата громадянами виборчих прав перетворювала їх на
одну з численних маргінальних груп радянського суспільства.
Анализируется институт «лишенцев», искусственно созданный большевиками с первых месяцев прихода к власти, как один из инструментов репрессивной политики коммунистического режима. Характеризуются основные феномены категории «лишенцы», учитывая их место в социальной структуре советс кого села 1920-х годов, правовой статус на примере результатов проведения избирательной кампании 1925 -1926 годов в Коростенский округе на Житомирщине. Указывается, что потеря гражданами избирательных прав превращала их в одну из многочисленных маргинальных групп советского общества
The phenome non of “pozbavlentsi» (deprived people) as an instrument of the repressive policy of the communist regime, which was artificially created by the Bolsheviks during the first months of coming to power, is analyzed in the article. The Bolsheviks consciously lead the discriminatory policy against certain social layers, contrary to communist propaganda about social equality in the Soviet state. The core principle of this policy was to "crowd out" potentially dangerous people (from the point of view of the ruling party) from the active social, political, cultural, educational and economic life of the state, first of all, by depriving them of their right to vote. The situation in rural areas, for example, in the Korosten district of Zhytomyr region, looked paradoxical. On the one hand, the communists sought to secure themselves by the support of the local peasantry, therefore, in every possible way they tried to engage it to the process of sovietisation of the region, first of all, through participation in elections to local authorities. On the other hand, they harshly pursued the manifestations of the political activity of the part of the rural community, which traditionally was its leader. In the 1920s, the Bolshevik authorities deepened the line of split of rural society by establishment of new markers of social stratification - "citizens of the Soviet state with all rights" and "pozbavlentsi" (“deprived people »). However, the society of that time with patriarchal level of political culture did not see them as a serious threat of the destruction of the traditional foundations of the rural community. After all, the overwhelming majority of peasants still did not consider voting as a political privilege. However, the status of "pozbavlentsi" (“deprived people») a priori turned its bearer into a person of "a second class" with so-called signs of "marginality", which were fully revealed in the late 1920s - early 1930s. Less than in ten years "pozbavlentsi" (“deprived people») were the ones to become one of the first victims of a full-scale state terror unfolded by the Stalinist regime
Анализируется институт «лишенцев», искусственно созданный большевиками с первых месяцев прихода к власти, как один из инструментов репрессивной политики коммунистического режима. Характеризуются основные феномены категории «лишенцы», учитывая их место в социальной структуре советс кого села 1920-х годов, правовой статус на примере результатов проведения избирательной кампании 1925 -1926 годов в Коростенский округе на Житомирщине. Указывается, что потеря гражданами избирательных прав превращала их в одну из многочисленных маргинальных групп советского общества
The phenome non of “pozbavlentsi» (deprived people) as an instrument of the repressive policy of the communist regime, which was artificially created by the Bolsheviks during the first months of coming to power, is analyzed in the article. The Bolsheviks consciously lead the discriminatory policy against certain social layers, contrary to communist propaganda about social equality in the Soviet state. The core principle of this policy was to "crowd out" potentially dangerous people (from the point of view of the ruling party) from the active social, political, cultural, educational and economic life of the state, first of all, by depriving them of their right to vote. The situation in rural areas, for example, in the Korosten district of Zhytomyr region, looked paradoxical. On the one hand, the communists sought to secure themselves by the support of the local peasantry, therefore, in every possible way they tried to engage it to the process of sovietisation of the region, first of all, through participation in elections to local authorities. On the other hand, they harshly pursued the manifestations of the political activity of the part of the rural community, which traditionally was its leader. In the 1920s, the Bolshevik authorities deepened the line of split of rural society by establishment of new markers of social stratification - "citizens of the Soviet state with all rights" and "pozbavlentsi" (“deprived people »). However, the society of that time with patriarchal level of political culture did not see them as a serious threat of the destruction of the traditional foundations of the rural community. After all, the overwhelming majority of peasants still did not consider voting as a political privilege. However, the status of "pozbavlentsi" (“deprived people») a priori turned its bearer into a person of "a second class" with so-called signs of "marginality", which were fully revealed in the late 1920s - early 1930s. Less than in ten years "pozbavlentsi" (“deprived people») were the ones to become one of the first victims of a full-scale state terror unfolded by the Stalinist regime
Description
історія, історія України
Keywords
більшовики, радянська влада, позбавленці, репресивна політика, виборці, виборчі права, большевики, советская власть, лишенцы, репрессивная политика, избиратели, bolsheviks, soviet power, pozbavlentsi, repressive policy, electorate, right to vote
Citation
Стародубець Г. «Позбавленці» в соціальній структурі радянського села 1920-х років / Г. Стародубець, В. Стародубець // Наукові записки Вінницького державного педагогічного університету імені Михайла Коцюбинського. Серія: Історія : збірник наукових праць / за заг. ред. проф. О.А. Мельничука. – Вінниця : ТОВ «Нілан-ЛТД», 2019. Вип. 27. – С.19-25.