Незавершені синтаксичні конструкції в мові української преси початку ХХІ ст.

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано один із семантичних типів незавершених синтаксичних конструкцій, уживаних у мові української газетної періодики початку ХХІ ст., – структури, зумовлені психологічним станом мовця. Визначено позамовні прагматичні чинники, що впливають на змістове наповнення досліджуваних конструкцій. З’ясовано специфіку їхнього функціонування в мові української преси означеного періоду, окреслено найтиповіші стилістичні вияви й конситуації використання.

В статье проанализирован один из семантических типов незавершенных синтаксических конструкций, употребляемых в языке украинской газетной периодики начала XXI в., – структуры, обусловленные психологическим состоянием говорящего. Определены внеязыковые прагматические факторы, влияющие на содержательное наполнение исследуемых конструкций. Выяснена специфика их функционирования в языке украинской прессы указанного периода, обозначены типичные стилистические проявления и конситуации использования.

Introduction. The incomplete syntactical constructions, which are determined by extralinguistiс pragmatic factors and have various structural-semantic and syntactical expressions, are one of the means of the verbal communication between an author and a reader. Since there are few scientific research papers about the functioning of this phenomenon in the Ukrainian press language, the need to study it in terms of different aspects determines the actuality of the topic. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze formal syntactical and functional-communicative peculiarities of the incomplete syntactical constructions, which are determined by the psychological state of the speaker (of a journalist, writer, interviewer or respondent). Methods. The main methods of the research are descriptive, semantic-stylistic and the method of the language observation. Results. The structures determined by the psychological state of the speaker, which are one of the semantic types of the incomplete syntactical constructions used in the language of Ukrainian newspaper periodicals at the outset of the 21st century, are analyzed. It’s established that these constructions demonstrate vivid sensitive speech. Due to the use of these constructions a journalist tries to show the inner preoccupation, excitement, disappointment of a respondent, writer or his own. It’s determined that various extralinguistiс factors influence the content of the incomplete syntactical construction. The most typical factors are military, international, economic, social and subjective intentions of a journalist. The functional specificity of the incomplete syntactical constructions in the Ukrainian press language of the determined period is outlined; the most typical stylistic expressions and the contexts of their use are described. Besides, it’s established that these constructions are used in contexts and headlines, where they show psychological intentions of journalists and thereby are means of stylistic expressiveness of the journalistic exposition. Originality. The incomplete syntactical constructions, which are determined by the psychological state of the speaker and the formal syntactical and functional-communicative peculiarities of these constructions in the journalistic context, are analyzed for the first time. It determines the academic novelty of the article. Conclusion. The incomplete syntactical constructions, influenced by military and international factors (such as Russian military aggression against Ukraine), are the most popular in the Ukrainian press language at the outset of the 21st century. Writing in terms of this topic, journalists mostly choose the incomplete syntactical constructions influenced by the psychological feeling of the speakers and their deep sorrow at the loss of relatives and close people who defended Ukraine.